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    With more and more cars on the road, traffic jams (堵车) are inevitable. Traffic jams can lead to more accidents as there are more cars, with more people trying to get to their destination, all the while getting worse. Although it's impossible to avoid traffic jams altogether, there are some tips you can follow to reduce the amount of time on the road.

    Check for traffic jams before you leave. You can listen to the radio for traffic news, or check on the Internet to get up-to-minute information on traffic. If the route you want to take is heavy with traffic, you can choose another.

    Look for a different route all the time. Most traffic jams happen on busy roads. Using country roads could avoid a lot of traffic. Although the distance you may have to travel is further, it can work out quicker.

    Set your car radio to receive traffic bulletins. Many new car stereo systems (汽车音响系统) are equipped with a radio system by which you can hear the traffic channel. This way you can get the latest traffic information and change your journey if necessary.

    __________. Most traffic jams usually occur(发生) during rush hour, so try to avoid this time period if possible. Some jobs offer flexible working hours so that you can travel to work outside of rush hour. Some jobs even allow you to work at home so as to avoid moving altogether. Ask your manager to see what you can do if traffic is a problem for you.

    Use public transport instead. The easiest way to avoid traffic jams is to take buses or the underground instead of driving your own car. Not only will you avoid traffic jams but you will most likely be saving money.

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扬州的州城(节选)

      北宋时扬州的“州城”,只略向南稍加扩展,而蜀岗上的“子城”已成为废墟。

      南宋期间,扬州成了江淮地区抗金、抗元的主要战地之一。朝廷命扬州知州吕颐浩在“州城”的基础上修建“宋大城”。西城墙南起砚池经保障河北至长春桥,全长2860米;北城墙在漕河南,西起长春桥,东至高桥以西,全长2100米;东城墙在古运河西岸,北起高桥,南接康山街,全长2950米;城南墙沿用唐“罗城”南城,沿古运河北岸,全长2200米。这座宋大城全部用大砖砌造。

      数十年后,为适应军事需要,又在原蜀岗“子城”的废墟上修筑土城“堡寨城”,也称“堡城”。它的西、南、北城垣(yuán墙)大部沿用原“子城”的城垣加以修筑,只另筑了东墙。这座城的周长约5000米,面积1.6平方公里。堡城与“宋大城”相对,其间相隔约一公里,又筑“夹城”以通往来。所以这时扬州一地有三城,即“宋大城”、“堡城”和“夹城”,总称“宋三城”。又因三城形似蜂腰,所以又名“蜂腰城”。宝祐年间堡城重建,因此堡城改名为“宝祐城”。

      ……扬州出土的宋城遗址城砖中,有不少印有“大使府造”的字样,还有不少城砖印有韩世忠抗金部队的番号和后来抗元部队的番号,这正反映了南宋时建城的军事目的。