23＋9＝____        12＋7＝____        8＋9＝____        6＋15＝____

17＋8＝____          9＋13＝____        27＋6＝____      32＋9＝____

19＋7＝____          16＋6＝____       14＋7＝____         25＋7＝____

    It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.

    It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions（性情）,but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern,by observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior?If our minds were an open book,we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually,we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.

    Moreover,we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us,which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.

    Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people become what they do,though it may not be in compliance（符合）with their true desires.Therefore,we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice:"We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be."

阅读下列材料：  

材料一   1793年，英使马戛尔尼率团使华，中英之间发生了所谓“礼仪之争”。清廷要求英使行外藩朝贡天朝的三跪九叩礼，英使以维护对等之独立英王的荣誉加以拒绝，结果是马戛尔尼行单膝下跪礼。英使向清政府提出允许英商在宁波等处贸易等要求，遭到清廷的全部拒绝。乾隆说：“天朝物产丰盈，无所不有，原不藉外夷货物以通有无。”法国人佩雷菲特在《停滞的帝国——两个世界的撞击》中写道：“英国人认为他们的权利，在于根据西方制订的规则让中国向国际贸易开放。马戛尔尼的一切做法都在否认中国文化的有效性。拒绝叩头，讨厌盘膝而坐，见到日常生活的场景傲慢地感到可笑，这些意味着：认为不能有几种文明，只有一种文明，即西方的文明。”  

——摘自《中国近代对外关系史》  

材料二   1784年，英国首相小威廉·皮特同意英美之间订立一个互惠商约，但是，英国船主们却强烈反对，谢菲尔德勋爵撰书宣称，根据《邦联条例》第九条规定，“   国会不得签订商业条约以限制各州对外国人课以与本州人民同等的进口税及关税，或禁止任何种类货物或商品进出口之立法权。”因此，不存在美国用自己的关税或航海条约对仍然控制着美国市场的英国贸易进行报复的危险，美国国会在谈判商业方面的权力并不比调整州际贸易的权力更大，签订互惠商约毫无必要。后来制定的1787年宪法第一条第八款第三项规定，“国会有权规定合众国与外国、各州间及与印第安部落之通商。”按照最高法院法官马歇尔的解释，商业不仅仅是贸易，“它是双方的相互交往”，是美利坚合众国外交政策的核心。国会的触角已伸到远离商业的领域，即国会有权控制州际交往的各个方面。  

——摘自刘绪贻主编《美国通史》  

材料三   维护国家的主权和领土完整是“一国两制”构想的重要内容和基本前提。邓小平把解放和发展生产力作为社会主义的本质内容之一，也把它作为“一国两制”构想的基本出发点之一。邓小平指出：“和平共处的原则不仅在处理国际关系上，而且在一个国家处理自己内政问题上，也是一个好办法。我们提出‘一个国家，两种制度’的办法来解决中国的统一问题，这也是一种和平共处”。在我国“一国两制”方针的实施，将突出表现为国家对阶级斗争的调节作用，而不是阶级压迫的作用。“一国两制”使大陆和港澳台同胞团结在民族独立、国家统一的旗帜下，扩大了新时期统一战线的对象和范围，突出了我国统一战线的民族的、爱国的性质。允许统一后的港澳台地区继续实行资本主义制度，并使这一制度同大陆的社会主义制度在一个相当长的时间里同时并存，因而“一国两制”是在新的历史条件下对资本主义的更充分、更长时期内、更高层次上的利用。  

——摘自陈述著《中华人民共和国史》