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阅读下面的文言文,完成各题。

    刘敞字原父。举庆历进士,廷试第一。编排官王尧臣,其内兄也,以亲嫌自列,乃以为第二。通判蔡州,直集贤院,判尚书考功。

    奉使契丹,素习知山川道径;契丹导之行,自古北口至柳河,回屈殆.千里,欲夸示险远。敞质.译人曰:“自松亭趋柳河,甚径且易,不数日可抵中京,何为故道此?”译人相顾骇愧曰:“实然。但通好以来,置驿.如是,不敢变也。”顺州山中有异兽,如马而食虎豹,契丹不能识,问敞。敞曰:“此所谓駁也。”为说其音声形状,且诵《山海经》《管子》书晓之,契丹益叹服。使还,求知扬州。

    扬之雷塘,汉雷陂也,旧为民田。其后官取潴①水而不偿以它田,主皆失业。然塘亦破决不可漕,州复用为田。敞据唐旧券,悉用还民,发运使争之,敞卒以予民。天长县鞫王甲杀人,既具狱,敞见而察其冤,甲畏吏,不敢自直。敞以委户曹杜诱,诱不能有所平反,而傅致②益牢。将论囚,敞曰冤也。”亲按问之。甲知能为己直,乃敢告,盖杀人者,富人陈义也。相传以为神明。敞以识论与众忤,求知.永兴军,拜翰林侍读学士。大姓范伟为奸利,冒同

    姓户籍五十年,持府县短长,数犯法。敞穷治事,伟伏罪.未及受刑,敞召还,判三班院,伟即变前狱,至于四五,卒之付御史决。

    敞侍英宗讲读,每指事据经,因以讽谏。时两宫方有小人间言,诛者或讦而直。敞进读《史记》,至尧授舜以天下,拱而言曰:“舜至侧微也,尧禅之以位天地享之百姓戴之非有他道惟孝友之德光于上下耳。”帝竦体改容,知 其以义理讽也。皇太后闻之,亦大喜。

    积苦眩瞀,屡予告。疾少间,复求外,以为汝州,旋改集贤院学士,判南 京御史台。熙宁元年,卒,年五十。

(节选自《宋史•刘敞传》)

【注】①潴:蓄积。②傅致:罗织。

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 Today, an increasing number of people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. These people are called the “Heads-down Tribe(低头族)”. Are you a heads-down tribe member? Heads-down tribe members now can be seen everywhere.

 More and more traffic accidents are happening because more drivers use mobile phones when they are driving. In order to make drivers pay more attention to driving, some new traffic rules have been made. For example, people who use mobile phones while driving in Taiwan are fined (罚款).  Car drivers  and  motorcyclists  who  break  the traffic rule will be fined NT$3,000 and NT$1,000 respectively(分别地).

 As we can see above, using mobile phones may cause accidents and even cost a lot of money. Also, more and more interesting and strange facts happen to the “Heads-down Tribe”. Let's have a look at an interesting TV report. A man in America kept using his mobile phone on his way home.

 As a result, he knocked into a big lost bear. When he lifted his eyes from the phone,he was so afraid that he turned around and ran away quickly. Another fact is that we can often see people in the restaurant eating face to face but looking at their own mobile phones.  It's strange that they don't talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun communicating with others on the phone.

 Mobile phones are helpful and necessary tools for modern life. Are mobile phones good or bad? It depends on how people use them. Let's be “healthy”users and try to be the "Heads-up Tribe”.