题干

【中外历史人物评说】

材料:荀子有著作传世。他重视儒家经典,在《荀子·劝学》中主张“始乎诵经,终于读礼”;又在《成相篇》中写道:“君法明,论有常,表仪有设民方知。进退有律,莫得贵贱,孰私王?”他吸取道家“道法自然”的思想而否定其中消极无为成分,主张“天有其时,地有其财,人有其志,夫是之谓能参。”“制天命而用之”。清初精研诸子的傅山指出,荀子的思想实际“近于法家,近于刑名家”,而且在一些观点上“又有近于墨家者言”。荀子力图以他在学术思想领域“齐言行”的努力与当权者“一天下”的政治活动相配合,为“一天下”服务。大约公元前285年,荀子到齐国稷下学宫游学,打算说服齐相行“胜人之道”。“如是,则国孰敢不为义矣?贤士愿相国之朝,能士愿相国之官,好利之民莫不愿以齐为归,是一天下也。”公元前266年至公元前255年间,荀子赴秦。曾向秦昭王建言:“儒者法先王,隆礼义……近者歌讴而乐之,远者竭蹶而趋之。四海之内若一家,通达之属(人迹所到),莫不从服,夫是之谓人师。”公元前253年左右,荀子游赵。曾对赵国君臣说:“招延募选,隆势诈,尚功利,是渐(诈欺)之也;礼义教化,是齐之(民齐心)也。”

——摘编自张岂之《中国思想史》、白寿彝主编《中国通史》

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阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。

    The town of Pressure and the town of Pleasure were neighbors but they had nothing in common. Residents(居民) built walls to 1 influence from the other town.

    In Pressure, everyone wanted to be the very best. When women gave birth, they would compete(竞争、比赛) to have the baby with the loudest cry. There was violent competition in every aspect(方面) of life. Because 2 was the symbol(象征) of success. People were always busy making money, with no time for relaxation. Some young people couldn't bear the intensity(紧张) and chose to drink to escape(逃避).

    In Pleasure, the motto(格言) was: If only you like it, do it. People grew up without pressure and could do anything they liked. Children played computer games day and night. At school, teachers didn't care 3 students came or not. Workers might sit around the office all day long drinking coffee and doing 4 .Thanks to the lack(缺乏) of regulations(规章制度), nobody worried about losing their jobs. It was pleasure that mattered. The computers they used were old ones from the town of Pressure.

    Some of the young were addicted(上瘾) to drugs(药物)5 the emptiness(空虚) of their lives. Then, people in the two towns began asking themselves, “What is life 6 ?” But, just before life in the two towns completely7, there came a great person—Mr Reason. He went from door to door, talking with people and 8 advice. People in Pressure learnt to be satisfied with what they had 9 people in Pleasure began to make plans. They 10 the walls between them and built a road to connect the two.