题干

一个国家和民族的文明是一个国家和民族的集体记忆。人类在慢长的历史长河中,创造和发展了多姿多彩的文明。请回答:

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同类题2

【历史―选修4:中外历史人物评说】阅读材料,回答问题

材料:孙中山被称为“国父”(中华民国之父),凯末尔被称为“土耳其人之父”。孙中山提出了“三民主义”,即民族主义、民权主义、民生主义。凯末尔有“凯末尔主义”:国家主义,民族主义,平民主义,改革主义,世俗主义和共和主义。凯末尔是一位实践家或实用主义的政治家。他的言论往往是根据实际经验,针对具体形式而作出的。

    凯末尔主义“六个原则”中,字面上没有提“民权”“民生”,但“共和主义”指明“人民统治”而非专制独裁,“平民主义”主张权力来源于人民,政府的职责是为人民谋福利,与孙中山的“民权主义”原则一致。凯末尔改革中,把法制改革放在核心位置,用法律保障民权,保障人民的生命、财产安全,保护人民受教育和谋发展的权利。“世俗主义”主张废除一夫多妻的落后制度,消减宗教方面的禁锢,使社会生活世俗化。“国家主义”鼓励私营经济,保护农民的私有财产。凯末尔主义中的“民权”“民生”问题,是制度变革和国家建设过程中的经脸总结。

    孙中山的“民权主义”“民生主义”,听起来入情入理,其实只是他个人的构想,至少在他活着的时候,尚处于“纸上谈兵”的阶段。北伐后,国民党取得全国政权,理论上尊奉孙中山三民主义,实际上既未兴民权,也没有解决好民生问题。……孙中山的革命活动早,但直到1925年去世时“革命还未成功”,留有遗憾。凯末尔领导民族独立战争,三年多就取得成功。

——摘编自王三义《怎样评价历史上的国父们?——从凯末尔与孙中山的“成”“败”谈起》

同类题4

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

                                                                                                           C

    Every year, hundreds of millions of Monarch Butterflies(黑脉金斑蝶) from Canada and the United States journey as far as 2, 500 miles to the forests of Michoacan, Mexico, a place which has the world's largest insect migration(迁移). It's such a breathtaking sight, but as always, human greed is threatening to destroy it.

    The Monarch Butterflies start to arrive in Michoacan in late October to make their winter home in the trees high up in the mountains of the natural reserve. Once there, they gather together in large masses. These masses often become so heavy that they cause tree branches to bend or even break. But there's a purpose of all these massing — it allows the butterflies to survive in the low nighttime temperatures at these high altitudes.

    The Michoacan Monarch Butterfly Sanctuary is most impressive during the months of February and March, just before the winged insects begin their long journey home.

    Mexico's Butterfly Forest is a shelter protected by law, and one of the country's most popular sights, but that hasn't stopped people from slowly but steadily destroying it.

    Illegal woodcutting in the heart of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve has been a longstanding problem, but criminals are rarely brought to justice. They are often set free after paying some money.

    Just last month, an even greater threat rose in Michoacan's butterfly home.  The country's largest mining corporation gained the right to reopen an old mine in the heart of the monarch reserve. Experts believe that if the mine is reopened, it will likely spell the end of this magical place.

    And as if all this wasn't bad enough, the increasing use of herbicides(除草剂) in the American corn belt has led to the decrease of  a plant which is essential to the monarchs' development from egg into butterfly.