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    The 2016 Rio Olympic Games have come to an end. Without doubt, many Chinese sports fans sat in front of the TV and cheered our athletes on, hoping that they would get as many gold medals as possible.

    But sometimes our desire for gold medals can result in the sadness of failure. When Liu Xiang, China's track hero, pulled out of the Beijing Olympics due to injury, he greatly disappointed many Chinese sports fans.

    But things are different now. In the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, we saw a healthier and more lenient Chinese attitude toward the sports people, fully in line with the Olympic spirit.

    China didn't win any gold medals on the first day. But, instead of criticizing the athletes who failed to finish on top of the podium(领奖台), the majority of fans were happy with their efforts. “Reacting in the right way when an athlete misses out on gold shows the maturity of a person, and is also a challenge for a country to face up to in the process of development,” commented CRI.

    Swimmer Fu Yuanhui won fans' hearts, even if she only won a bronze medal in the 100m backstroke final. Her fans on her Sina Weibo micro blog have increased 100,000 to over 6 million. Many sports fans appreciated her straightforward character and attitude toward competition.

    “The warm support from Internet users shows that public attitude toward competitive sport and the Olympics have gotten to a higher level,” said an article in the People's Daily.

冰雪精灵——雾凇

    ①如果说冰雪是冬天的信使，那么，雾凇一定是信使的精灵。

    ②“寒江晓雾，正冰天、树树松花云叠。昨夜飞琼千万缕，谁剪条条晴雪？冰羽晶莹，霓装窃窕，欲舞高寒阙。烟波照影，翩翩恩与谁约？”

    ③从古至今、赞美雾松的诗词太多了，但好像千言万语都无法描述那种通透灵动的美。它不仅仅是一种自然现象，更是天地间的造化，是可遇不可求的上天的赠予。

    ④雾凇非冰非雪，是冬季低温环境中，空气中水汽直接凝华或者是无数0℃以下的过冷雾滴随风在树枝等物体上不断积聚冻黏的结果，表现为白色不透明的冰品沉积物。

    ⑤形成雾凇的气象条件非常苛刻，要求冬季寒冷漫长，而且空气中水汽充足。【甲】其次，雾凇的形成要求天晴少云，静风或是风速很小。【乙】冬季，空中的云像是大地的一床被子，夜间有云时，削弱了向外的长波辐射，使地面气温降低较慢，昼夜温差相对较小，近地面空气中的水汽就不会凝结。【丙】若是掀掉了这床被子，热量就更多地散发出去，使得地面温度降低，为水汽的凝结提供了必要条件。【丁】大风是雾凇形成过程中的天敌，它总能把形成过程中结构松收的冰品吹散，即使簇拥在一起的雾凇也会被吹得无影无踪，微风或静风条件为水汽凝结凝华成雾凇提供保障。

    ⑥雾凇形状主要有两种：一种是过冷 雾滴碰到冷的地而物体后迅迷冻结成粒状的小冰块，叫粒状雾凇（或硬凇），它的结构较紧密；另一种是由雾滴蒸发时产生的水汽凝华而形成的晶秋雾淞（或款凇），结构较松散稍有震动就会脱落。

    ⑦由于雾松中雾滴与雾滴间空隙很多，不仅看起来轻盈洁白附着在树米上，宛如琼树银花、清秀雅致，也具有很多内在的优秀品质。人们在观赏玉树琼花极的吉林雾松时，都会感到空气格外清新舒爽、滋润肺腑，这是因为雾松蓬松的结构能够吸附大量空气中的污染颗粒，是空气的天然“净化器

    ⑧雾凇是天然的“负氧离子发生器”，在有雾松时，负氧离子增多。据测，吉林松花江畔在有雾凇时负氧离子每立方米可达上子至数千个，比没有雾凇时的负氧离数量多5倍以上。

    ⑨此外，雾凇还是环境的天然“消音器”。雾凇由于具有浓厚、结构疏松，空隙度高的特点，对音波反射率很低，能吸收和容纳大量音波。在形成雾凇的成排密集的树林里，感到幽静就是这个道理。

    ⑩“历尽天华成此景，人间万事出艰辛。”雾凇是大自然不可多得的馈赠，就像人生一样，只有做好充分准备，觅得良机，才会成就一场繁华。

（选自《气象和识》2018年第2路．作者张敏，有改动）