【材料一】京剧是流行全国的戏曲剧中之一。自清乾隆五十五年起，四大徽班陆续进京演出，他们相互影响，并接受昆曲和秦腔的部分剧目、曲调、表演方法，又吸收了一些民间曲调，就是在这样的融合、演变和发展中京剧逐渐形成。在京剧发展的历程中，产生过许多优秀的演员。早期有“老生三杰”程长庚、余三胜、张二奎，光绪年间，有被称为“伶界大王”的谭鑫培；之后，又有“武生泰斗”杨下楼，“四大名旦”梅兰芳、尚小云、程砚秋、苟慧生，等等，可谓①__________。在一代又一代的传承中，他们不断创新，在表演、音乐、剧本等诸多方面均大胆变革，将京剧推向新的高度。二十世纪初，京剧京剧繁荣期，出现了②__________的繁盛局面。旦行有梅（兰芳）派、尚（小云）派、程（砚秋）派、荀（慧生）派，生行有余（叔岩）派、马（连良）派，净行有金（少山）派、郝（寿臣）派……京剧至今已有二百多年的历史，堪称“国粹”，并被联合国教科文组织列入“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”。

【材料二】梅兰芳出身于梨园世家，是中国京剧表演艺术大师。他创立了“梅派”艺术，在唱腔、念白、表演等各个方面都有极强造诣。梅兰芳在继承传统唱腔的基础上，创造出大量新颖的唱腔，因其所创唱腔符合剧中人物的情感，以情带声，深受观众喜爱。梅兰芳的念白，是艺术化的生活语言，毫无刻意求工的感觉。无论韵白还是京白，他都注意清晰动听和情感真实。在表演上，梅兰芳借用了昆曲的表情、身段和步法，丰富了京剧的舞台表现力。在《霸王别姬》《贵妃醉酒》《宇宙锋》等剧目中，他通过手、眼、身、步的表演和配合，塑造出许多完美的舞台形象。梅兰芳尤其注重手的艺术表现。过去老一辈的旦角表演，都较少露出手来。梅兰芳在所编演的新戏及经过整理的传统剧目中，有大量的露手表演，通过不同手势的运用，表达出喜、怒、哀、乐的复杂情感。他曾经创造、发展了许多手势，这些手势都是结合角色的思想感情有目的地设计出来的。梅兰芳　生前曾多次出国访问演出，是将中国的京剧艺术推向世界舞台的艺术家。

    Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. "It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special," she says.
    On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.
    When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
    In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
    "My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me," Natalie says. "But I can always choose how I deal with it."
    Natalie's choice was to help. She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
    Today, the scars of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. "I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway," Natalie declares. "My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before."

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                                                                                                  管仲、隰朋从桓公伐^①孤竹^②
        管仲、隰（xí）朋从桓公伐孤竹，春往而冬反，迷惑失道。管仲曰：“老马之智可用也。”乃放老马而随之，遂得道。行山中无水，隰朋曰：“蚁冬居山之阳^③，夏居山之阴^④，蚁壤一寸而仞^⑤有水。”乃掘地，遂得水。以管仲之圣、隰朋之智，至其所不知，不难师^⑥于老马与蚁。今人不知以其愚心师圣人之智，不亦过乎！
      【注释】①伐：讨伐  ②孤竹：国名  ③阳：山的南面为阳  ④阴：山的北面为阴  ⑤仞：挖一仞深  ⑥师：向……学习

小林总是抱怨：“上中学后，作业多，考试多，成绩还没有小学时好，学习真是太苦了！”下列想法中不能帮助小林改变这种消极态度的是（    ）