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【20世纪的战争与和平】

    材料一 : 日俄战争是指1904年到1905年间,曰本帝国与俄罗斯帝国为了争夺中国辽东半岛和朝鲜半岛的控制权,而在中国东北的土地上进行的一场命国主义列强之间战争...... 对马海战之后,尼古拉二世为首的统治集团,完全失去了赢得战争并利用战争的胜利扼杀革命的希望,日本方面也认为继续打下去对它不利,双方于1905年9月在朴茨茅斯签订和约。和约规定:俄国承认日本在朝鲜享有政治军事及经济上之“卓越利益”,并将旅顺口、大连湾并其附近领土领水之租借权以及有关的其他特权,均移让与日本政府。此外,条约还规定将库页岛南部和俄国对辽东半岛的租借权以及其附近一切岛屿永远让与日本。

——摘编自纽先钟《日俄战争》

    材料二 :“日俄战争是近代历史上的一个里程碑,是非欧洲民族充分觉醒的序幕;这种觉醒今日正震撼着整个世界。”

——(美)斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

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    Ray Charles,a black singer and pianist of the USA.He had won 12 Grammy Awards (格莱美奖) and performed at 10,000 concerts around the world.Many musicians called him simply"the Genius"(天才).

    Ray Charles was born into a poor family,without a father.When he was 5 years old,his younger brother died. And around the same time,Charles started to lose his sight.By the age of 7 he was completely blind.He had already been learning the piano for a year. And when he went blind,his mother knew this would be the only way he would make any money in the future.All his life,Charles remembered her saying:"Do it right,or don't do it at all."

    Later he went to a school for blind and deaf children.There the teachers also encouraged him to study music.Sadly,while he was still at school,his mother died.He left school and in the early 1950s Charles organized a group of players.He sang,played the piano and wrote music.

    He made many classical CDs with famous artists such as Elton John and the Beatles.

    In 2003 a film of his life Ray was made.The part of Charles was played by a younger actor and musician called Jamie Foxx.The film director brought Foxx to meet Charles.After they had been playing together for two hours,Charles,then aged 73,jumped up and said:"He's the one…he can do it."A year later Charles died aged 74.The film of his life has been as popular as his songs and means that the memory of Charles' music will live on.