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中外历史人物评说

唐太宗论“明君”执政之“君道”,为此后历代帝王所推崇。阅读下列材料:

材料  贞观元年,太宗令长孙无忌和房玄龄修定法律,并说“法者,非朕一人之法,乃天下之法”,“不可任情以轻重”。此后,太宗提出:“以天下之广,四海之众,千端万绪……岂得以一日万机,独断一人之虑也……岂如广任贤良,高居深视,法令严肃,谁敢为非?”贞观二年,太宗问魏征:“何谓为明君?”魏征说:“君之所以明者,兼听也。”太宗以为然,并说“主欲知过,必藉忠臣”,“冀凭直言鲠议,致天下太平”。贞观期间,太宗屡屡对“一士之谔谔(直言)”表示“此言是也,当为卿改之”,并赐绢帛。贞观六年,太宗对侍臣说:“‘可爱非君,可畏非民’,天子者,有道则人推而为主,无道则人弃而不用,诚可畏也。”

                                                                                                                             ——摘编自袁行霈《中华文明史》


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    We've all heard of mermaids. They are the beautiful half-human, half-fish creatures(生物). They have the head and body of a human and the tail of a fish. We also know that mermaids only exist in fairy tales. But where did all the stories about these creatures come from? If you have ever seen a manatee, then you might have an idea.
    Manatees, which are also called sea cows, are mammals(哺乳动物) that live in the sea. Since they are mammals, they have to swim up to the surface to breathe air. Many people believe that the story of the mermaid began with the ancient sailors who saw the manatees putting their heads out of the water to breathe. Because manatees are upright when they do this, it looks like they are standing. If a sailor saw a manatee doing this from far away across the sea, it is possible that the sailor would mistake the manatee for a creature that is half-human, half-fish.
Mermaids are described as having very long hair. This is probably because manatees like to swim up to the surface of the water in areas where there is sea grass. Manatees eat all kinds of plants in the sea, including sea grass. The sea grass around the manatee’s head when they eat could create a picture of long hair.

    Manatees also have powerful tails that are very similar to the fish-like tail of a mermaid. The sailors probably watched manatees come up for air and then swim back below the surface, using their paddle-shaped tails. This would explain why the sailors thought mermaids had fish-like tails.