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       意大利科学家斯帕拉捷习惯晚饭后到附近的街道上散步。他常常看到,很多蝙蝠灵活的在空中飞来飞去,却从不会撞到树上或者墙壁上。这个现象引起了他的好奇:蝙蝠凭什么特殊的本领在夜空中自由自在的飞行呢?

       1793年夏天,一个晴朗的夜晚,喧腾热闹的城市渐渐平静下来。斯帕拉捷匆匆吃完晚饭,便走出街口,把笼子里的蝙蝠放了出去。当他看到放出去的几只蝙蝠轻盈敏捷地来回飞翔时,不由得尖叫起来。因为那几只蝙蝠,眼睛全被他蒙上了,都是“瞎子”呀。

       斯帕拉捷为什么要把蝙蝠的眼睛蒙上呢?原来,每当他看到蝙蝠在夜晚轻巧自如的飞翔时,总认为这些小精灵一定长着一双特别敏锐的眼睛。假如他们的眼睛瞎了,就不可能在黑暗中灵巧的躲过各种障碍物,并且敏捷的捕捉飞蛾了。然而事实完全出乎他的意料。斯帕拉捷很奇怪:不用眼睛,蝙蝠凭什么来辨别前方的物体,捕捉灵活的飞蛾呢?

      于是,他把蝙蝠的鼻子堵住。结果,蝙蝠在空中还是飞得那么敏捷、轻松。“难道他薄膜似的翅膀,不仅能够飞翔,而且能在夜间洞察一切吗?”斯帕拉捷这样猜想。他又捉来几只蝙蝠,用油漆涂满它们的全身,然而还是没有影响到它们的飞行。

      最后,斯帕拉捷堵住蝙蝠的耳朵,把他们放到夜空中。这次,蝙蝠可没有了先前的神气。他们像无头的苍蝇一样在空中东碰西撞,很快就跌落到地上。

      啊!蝙蝠在夜间飞行,捕捉食物,原来是靠听觉来辨别方向、确认目标的!

      斯帕拉捷的实验,揭开了蝙蝠飞行的秘密,促使很多人进一步思考:蝙蝠的耳朵又怎么能“穿透”黑夜,“听”没有声音的物体呢?

       后来人们继续研究,终于弄清了其中的奥秘。原来,蝙蝠靠喉咙发出人耳听不到的“超声波”,这种声音沿着直线传播,一碰到物体就像光照到镜子上那样反射回来。蝙蝠用耳朵接受到这种“超声波”,就能迅速做出判断,灵巧的自由飞翔,捕捉食物。

       现在,人们利用超声波来为飞机、轮船导航,寻找地下的宝藏。超声波就像一位无声的功臣,广泛地应用于工业、农业、医疗和军事等领域。斯帕拉捷怎么也不会想到,自己的实验,会给人类带来如此巨大的恩惠。

根据课文内容填空。

《夜晚的实验》本文通过记叙____,表现了科学家____的精神。

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    Fikiri Kiponda's path from accountant to marine (海洋的) conservationist was sparked by a chance encounter.    After securing his dream job, Kiponda decided he wanted more. He wasn't quite sure what he was looking for until he ran across some turtle hatchlings.

    He didn't know it was turtle. Fortunately enough he got the right person to ask and he got motivated. That person was Nkindi, a staff member at the Watamu Conservation project who later invited him to volunteer on the project. He later left his accounting job and fully devoted himself into the world of sea turtles. Now,he runs and spends his time nursing critically endangered sea turtles back to health.

    Sea turtles have been around for nearly 110 million years and are now considered highly endangered. Their preservation rests on activities of conservationists such as Kiponda as these turtles face numerous threats and signs of their extinction in the next 50 years.

    Local fishermen traditionally catch them to supplement their own low catch rates and sell them for their oil. As changes are made to accommodate more hotels for tourists, there is less available beach land for turtle nesting.

    Kiponda's passion has now spread to his community, changing their attitude towards sea life preservation with his “by-catch release programme.”

    Through this program, fishermen are now paid for returning turtles accidentally caught in their fishing nets. The healthy ones are tagged and released into the marine park while he takes care of sick and injured turtles back to health.

    Before the launch of pioneering spirit like this, turtles caught by fishermen were used for their meat and their oil extracted (提炼) for its medicinal properties.

    “Releasing the turtle back into the ocean is a very good feeling, like, you feel like you've done something concrete and I guess everybody would love to do that...so I guess it's unique work.”