题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:在社会济贫问题上,宋朝于1057年颁布修胎养令,规定凡下户怀妊而不能自存者,以粟颁赐之。1257年,令“天下诸州建慈幼局”。关于贫民之收养,设有专门机构,……至于漏泽园,由政府提供公地,“埋葬无主死人……”。这种由“胎养到祭祀”的福利,虽比当代福利国家所提供的涵盖较广,但却主要是选择性,局限于贫而无告者之特殊对象。在两宋,社会互助观念业已产生。社会互助始于宗族,这是以范仲淹的义庄为滥觞,这些义庄义田,是利用其田租以赡族人。南宋时,这种互助由宗族扩及乡党。——侯家驹《中国经济史》

材料二:16世纪以前,英国救济穷人问题多通过基督教的慈善施舍和同业同行会的互助互济的方式来解决,国家并未将其视为自己的责任。圈地运动开始后,偷盗者、乞讨者等日益增多,社会不安定因素急剧增加。1601 年,英国颁布《济贫法》,规定:老弱残疾而不能工作的贫民可以得到救济……流浪者被关进监狱或送入教养院。1834年议会通过《济贫法(修正案)》。该法规定受救济者必须是被收容在济贫院中的贫民,可享受最低生活保障,有劳动能力的失业者必须进“贫民习艺所”,才能得到救济,而那里被称之为劳动者的“巴士底狱”。——摘编自陈晓律《英国福利制度的由来与发展》

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请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

D

Lizzie-s diary from Antarctica (南极洲)

Day 3: Tuesday   December 2

    We planned to go to Rothera that morning. We'd be staying there for the next two weeks. Because Antarctica is the windiest place on earth, sometimes you can't fly at all.

    We had a nervous wait over breakfast to find out if we'd be leaving that day. People have to stay in Stanley for weeks while the pilots wait for good weather.

    It turned clear at 9:30 and we took off at 10:30 on a little red plane called a Dash-7. But even when we were in the air, there was still a chance we wouldn't be able to fly the whole day.


Day 4: Wednesday   December 3

    After waking up in the Antarctic for the first time today I can understand why everybody who comes here falls in love with the place. It is really beautiful.

    We're staying at Rothera Survey base with mountains of ice all around. It s about minus 20C today, which for me is very cold, but the regulars(常客) here are often seen walking around in T-shirts !


Day 5: Thursday  December 4

    I woke up to another beautiful sunny day here in the Antarctic. I'm told it's a bit colder today, about minus 5℃ , but it's not very windy so it feels warmer. Those of us who are new to the bas have to do a spccial training course before we're allowed to go off base to other stations or to go snowboarding over the nearby hill.


Day 7: Saturday  December 6

    Not a cloud in the sky and it's warm enough to sit outside (in a jacket).

    The most amazing thing about this place is how the scenery (风景) changes every day. At first I thought I was going mad. I'd step outside in the morning and think, "I'm sure that big mountain of ice wasn't there yesterday." It's because the sea ice is always moving—slowly thankfully !