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                                                                                                                               飞机黑匣子
        ①2014年3月8日凌晨2点40分,马来西亚航空公司称与一架载有239人的波音777-200飞机与管制中心失去联系的,该飞机航班号为MH370,原定由吉隆坡飞往北京。截止2014年4月11日报道,搜寻马航MH370的工作仍在继续。现代民航客机尽管采用大量新技术,采取许多安全防范措施,但意外坠机事件仍在所难免。一旦发生空难,人们总是千方百计寻找黑匣子,从中分析事故原因。
        ②其实黑匣子______________。它之所以采用桔红色,主要为了与周围地形地貌颜色相区别,便于寻找。它是用特殊坚实材料制成的流线型集装箱。 黑匣子这种机上信息存储器,即磁带记录机,它记录下飞行中的重要参数,例如,飞机相对地面状态、速度、高度、航向、航速、燃料等等。依照这些参数,就可以 很容易标绘出航迹。信息随录随洗,但保留飞机失事前数小时的飞行信息。
        ③除了桔红色外表外,为了更容易找到它,黑匣子还装有无线电信标,这种装直能自动、定时向外发射一定的无线电信号,便于专用的接收机接收。
        ④黑匣子外壳十分坚固,表面覆涂隔热材料。它能同时承受来自三个方向3.4公斤重的物体长达5分钟的撞击;能承受一件230公斤的重物从3米高度砸下的冲击;能经受起火爆炸,并能在1100℃的烈火中烧半小时;能在3米深的水中浸泡30天。
        ⑤为了保证黑匣子能正常工作,与所有航空航天设计一样,它在工作程序和故障考虑上有很高的“自保性”和“互保性”。这点好比进入银行金库的规章制度一样,目的是为了万无一失。
        ⑥例如黑匣子的电源供给很特殊。在正常情况下,黑匣子所需的直流电由飞机的发电系统供给。这种发电机是交直流变换机,将发出的交流电直接由直流电机交换成直流电。而一旦发电机出故障时,立即自动切换成由蓄电池供电,提供所需的电压。
        ⑦又如黑匣子的工作开关一般在飞机发动前应接通,但即使驾驶员忘记了也无妨。当飞机在跑道上滑行到一定速度后,起落架自动收回,黑匣子的工作开关因起落架支柱的压力而自动接通。
        ⑧目前正在研制中的黑匣子将趋于微型计算机化。这个电子装置被装在一个保护匣内,它由采集数据的接口卡片、存储器和把信息编入存储器的程序三个主要部分组 成。它与传统的黑匣子相比有很大优越性,例如,它可以变换参数记录速度,当一出现不正常时,使自动加快记录速度,以备人们更加准确地进行分析,此外,它的 体积也将被大大缩小。

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    According to a recent study out of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, men with shaved heads are considered to be more manly, powerful, and successful than those with longer hair or thinning(稀少的) hair. Besides, in some cases, they are considered to have greater leadership potential (潜力). That may explain why the power-buzz look has become popular among business leaders in recent years.

    Albert Mannes, Wharton management lecturer, said he was encouraged to do the research after noticing that he was treated with more respect when he shaved off his thinning hair.

    Mannes did three experiments to test people's impression of men with shaved heads. In one of the experiments, he showed 344 subject photos of the same men in two versions: one showing the men with hair and the other showing them with their hair digitally removed, so their heads appear shaved. In all three tests, the subject report found the men with shaved heads are more dominant(占优势的) than their hairy counterparts(对应的人).

    The study found that men with thinning hair were viewed as the least attractive and powerful. For those men, the solution could be as cheap and simple as a shave.

    New York image consultant Julie Rath advised her clients to get closely cropped when they start thinning up top. “There is something really strong, powerful and confident about laying it all bare(光秃的),” she said, describing the thinning look as kind of raunchy(不修边幅的).

    Not everyone needs a bare head. Rick Devine, 55, the CEO of Devine Capital Partners, advised executive candidates attracted by their clippers to keep their hair closely cropped, rather than completely shaved. “It is way too much image risk,” he said, “The best thing you can do in a business meeting is to make your look not an issue.”

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