指南录后序（节选）

宋文天祥

    德祐二年二月十九日，予除右丞相兼枢密使，都督诸路军马。时北兵已迫修门外，战、守、迁皆不及施。缙绅、大夫、士萃于左丞相府，莫知计所出。会使辙交驰，北邀当国者相见，众谓予一行为可以纾祸。国事至此，予不得爱身；意北亦尚可以口舌动也。初，奉使往来，无留北者，予更欲一觇北，归而求救国之策。于是，辞相印不拜，翌日，以资政殿学士行。

    初至北营，抗辞慷慨，上下颇惊动，北亦未敢遽轻吾国。不幸吕师孟构恶于前，贾余庆献谄于后，予羁縻不得还，国事遂不可收拾。予自度不得脱，则直前诟虏帅失信，数吕师孟叔侄为逆，但欲求死，不复顾利害。北虽貌敬，实则愤怒，二贵酋名曰“馆伴”，夜则以兵围所寓舍，而予不得归矣。

    未几，贾余庆等以祈请使诣北。北驱予并往，而不在使者之目。予分当引决，然而隐忍以行。昔人云：“将以有为也”。

    至京口，得间奔真州，即具以北虚实告东西二阃，约以连兵大举。中兴机会，庶几在此。留二日，维扬帅下逐客之令。不得已，变姓名，诡踪迹，草行露宿，日与北骑相出没于长淮间。穷饿无聊，追购又急，天高地迥，号呼靡及。已而得舟，避渚洲，出北海，然后渡扬子江，入苏州洋，展转四明、天台，以至于永嘉。

    呜呼！予之及于死者不知其几矣！诋大酋当死；骂逆贼当死；与贵酋处二十日，争曲直，屡当死；去京口，挟匕首以备不测，几自刭死；经北舰十余里，为巡船所物色，几从鱼腹死；真州逐之城门外，几徬徨死；如扬州，过瓜洲扬子桥，竟使遇哨，无不死；扬州城下，进退不由，殆例送死；坐桂公塘土围中，骑数千过其门，几落贼手死；贾家庄几为巡徼所陵迫死；夜趋高邮，迷失道，几陷死；质明，避哨竹林中，逻者数十骑，几无所救死；至高邮，制府檄下，几以捕系死；行城子河，出入乱尸中，舟与哨相后先，几邂逅死；至海陵，如高沙，常恐无辜死；道海安、如皋，凡三百里，北与寇往来其间，无日而非可死；至通州，几以不纳死；以小舟涉鲸波出，无可奈何，而死固付之度外矣！呜呼！死生，昼夜事也，死而死矣，而境界危恶，层见错出，非人世所堪。痛定思痛，痛何如哉！

在欧洲西部，人们称牧草为（   ）

    When China's astronaut Zhai Zhigang carried out the spacewalk on September 27, he was wearing a spacesuit developed by Chinese scientists. Being worth more than 30 million yuan, the Feitian (飞天) spacesuit is not ____ordinary one.

    It ____（take）Chinese scientists four years to develop it. But what is special about the suit? First Let's take a look at why____（astronaut） need to wear spacesuits.

    When you visit a world with little or no atmosphere, not____(wear) a spacesuit, the following things would happen:

    You would become unconscious within 15 seconds because there is no oxygen.

    Your blood and body fluids(液体) would “boil” and then “freeze” ____ there is little or no air pressure.

    You would receive various types of radiation.

    You could____(hit) by dust or rock that moves at high speeds.

So, to protect you____these dangers, a spacesuit must:

    Have a pressurized atmosphere;

    Give you oxygen;

    Keep a(n) ____(comfort) temperature;

    Let you see clearly and move easily.

    The Feitian suit did all that and what it ____（do）made it like a mini-spaceship in____the astronaut stayed alive in outer space and carried out tasks.