题干

根据材料,回答问题。

材料:近代以来,伴随着经济崛起,美国城市化发展迅速。纽约中央公园创建于1851年,是美国第一个真正意义上的大型城市公园。19世纪中叶,纽约成为美国名副其实的“经济首部”,人口超过了英国的工业中心利物浦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰的总和。同时“城市中,复杂、依赖、贫穷和痛苦,再加上有如古罗马那样的肆无忌惮的奢侈,已取代了朴素、工此自由和财富均等,恶行、犯罪和疾病已进入了城市。”

一些学者提出一个可以为社会各阶展提供观光、休闲和娱乐服务的大型城市公园,将会促进社会各阶层间的交流与融合,从而在一定程度上来化解社会阶层之间的尖锐矛盾。建设城市公园也是纽约商人为了促进地产升值、保持经济持续增长的需要.。

——摘录自兰科维奇《纽约简史》

依据材料和所学,分析纽约创建中央公园的背景和意阁。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

背景:工业革命推动了城市化迅猛发展,随之出现各种生态问题、社会问题。

意图:城市公园能为市民提供休闲娱乐场所,同时有助于社会各阶层的和谐共存。以建设城市公园拉动地产业及城市经济的发展。

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    A generation ago young people longed to become lawyers and doctors. Now they desire to be the next Oscar winner or famous pop star. But one university psychologist has pointed out that this is damaging our self-image and sense of self-worth. Over recent years people around the world have been suffering from an increasing fear of their own “insignificance”, according to Dr. Strenger of Tel Aviv University.

    He began a project on the phenomenon 10 years ago, after noticing an increase of fear in his own patients. His findings note hundreds of research projects that have recorded an unprecedented (前所未有) increase in levels of anxiety and depression. By using a wide-ranging framework Dr. Strenger thinks he has given the accurate cause. “The impact of the global entertainment network on the individual is to blame,” he said. “A new species—global man—is born and we are defined by our close connection to the global entertainment network, which has turned ranking and evaluating people according to wealth and fame into an obsession (狂热).”

    As humans we naturally measure ourselves by those around us, but now we live in a “global village” where we are comparing ourselves with the most “significant” people in the world - and finding ourselves not good enough. Today, even high achievers constantly fear that they are insignificant when they compare themselves to success stories in the media. “This creates highly unstable personality and an unstable society,” Dr. Strenger said.

    Dr. Strenger says people should stop measuring their achievement through the cultural fantasies of rich and famous people. The remedy (治疗方法) is a process that he calls “active self-acceptance” through a continuing search for self-knowledge through life. The fear of insignificance can only be overcome through strong individual and cultural identity over and above measurable achievement. “People should invest time and thought in their personal growth from different aspects in the same way they invest in medical studies and law school,” Dr. Strenger advises.