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                                                                                                                        火 腿
                                                                                                                         梁实秋
        ①从前北方人不懂吃火腿，嫌火腿有一股陈腐的油腻涩味，也许是不善处理，把“滴油”一部分未加削裁就吃下去了，当然会吃得舌矫不能下，好像舌头要粘住上膛一样。有些北方人见了火腿就发怵，总觉得没有清酱肉爽口。后来许多北方人也能欣赏火腿，不过火腿究竟是南货，在北方不是顶流行的食物。有些的北方餐馆作菜配料，绝无使用火腿，永远是清酱肉。事实上，清酱肉也的确很好，我每次作江南游总是携带几方清酱肉，分馈亲友，无不赞美。只是清酱肉要输火腿特有的一段香。
　 ②火腿的历史且不去谈他，也许是宋朝大破金兵的宗泽于无意中所发明。宗泽是义乌人，在金华之东。所以直到如今，凡火腿必曰金华火腿。东阳县亦在金华附近，《东阳县志》云：“熏蹄，俗谓火腿，其实烟熏，非火也。腌晒熏将如法者，果胜地常品，以所腌之盐必台盐，所熏之烟必松烟，气香烈而善入，制之及时如法，故久而弥旨。”火腿制作方法亦不必细究。总之手续及材料必定很考察。东阳上蒋村蒋氏一族大部分以制火腿为业，故“蒋腿”特为著名。金华本地常不能吃到好的火腿，上品均已行销各地。
　　③我在上海时，每经大马路，辄至天福市得熟火腿四角钱，店员以利刃切成薄片，瘦肉鲜明似火，肥肉依稀透明，佐酒下饭为无上妙品。至今思之犹有余香。
　 ④一九二六年冬，某日吴梅先生宴东南大学同仁于南京万全，予亦叨陪。席间上清蒸火腿一色，盛以高边大瓷盘，取火腿最精部分，切成半寸见方高寸许之小块，二三十块矗立于盘中，纯由醇酿花雕蒸制熟透，味之鲜美无与伦比。先生微酡，击案高歌，盛会难忘，于今已有个世纪有余。
　　⑤抗战时，某日张道藩先生召饮于重庆之留春坞。留春坞是云南馆子。云南的食物产品，无论是萝卜或是白菜都异常硕大，猪腿亦不例外。故云腿通常均较金华火腿为壮观，脂多肉厚，虽香味稍逊，但是做叉烧火腿则特别出色。留春坞的叉烧火腿，大厚片烤熟夹面包，丰腴适口，较湖南馆子的密汁火腿似乎犹胜一筹。
　　⑥台湾气候太热，不适于制作火腿，但有不少人仿制，结果不是粗制滥制，便是腌晒不足急于发售，带有死尸味；幸而无尸臭，亦是一味死咸，与“家乡肉”无殊。逢年过节，常收到礼物，火腿是其中一色。即使可以食用，其中那大骨头很难剔除，运斤猛斫，可能砍得稀巴烂而骨尚未断，我一见火腿便觉束手无策，廉价出售不失为一办法，否则只好央由菁清持往熟识商店请求代为肢解。
　　⑦有人告诉我，整只火腿煮熟是有诀窍的。法以整只火腿浸泡水中三数日，每日换水一二次，然后刮磨表面油渍，然后凿子挖出其中的骨头（这层手续不易），然后用麻绳紧紧捆绑，下锅煮沸二十分钟，然后以微火煮两小时，然后再用大火煮沸，取出冷却，即可食用。像这样繁复的手续，我们哪得工夫？不如买现成的火腿吃（台北有两家上海店可以买到），如果买不到，干脆不吃。
　　⑧有一次得到一只真的金华火腿，瘦小坚硬，大概是收藏有年。菁清持往熟识商肆^①，老板奏刀，砉^②的一声，劈成两截。他怔住了。鼻孔翕张，好像是嗅到了异味，惊叫：“这是道地的金华火腿，数十年不闻此味矣！”他嗅了又嗅不忍释手，他要求把爪尖送给他，结果连蹄带爪都送给他了。他说回家去要好好炖一锅汤吃。
　　⑨美国的火腿，所谓ham,不是不好吃，是另一种东西。如果是现烤出来的大块火腿，表皮上烤出凤梨似的斜方格，趁热切大薄片而食之，亦颇可口，惟不可与金华火腿同日而语。“佛琴尼亚火腿”则又是一种货色，色香味均略近似金华火腿，去骨者尤佳，常居海外的游子，得此聊胜?
【注】①商肆：肆，铺子。商铺，商店。②砉（xū）：皮骨相离声。

下面四幅气候类型图，从左到右表示的气候类型依次是（    ）

下列句子中加下划线词语的解释，不正确的一项是(    )

    Something about the four World Famous Statues

    The Little Mermaid

    The statue The Little Mermaid sits on a rock in the Copenhagen harbor at Langelinie in Denmark. Tourists visiting for the first time are often surprised by the relatively small size of the statue. The Little Mermaid is only 1.25 meters high and weighs around 175kg. designed by Edvard Eriksen, the statue was erected in 1913 to commemorate（纪念）the fairy tale The Little Mermaid. The poor lady has lost her head several times but each time it has been restored. Copenhagen officials announced that the statue may be moved further out in the harbor, as to avoid further vandalism(故意破坏)and to prevent tourists from climbing onto it.

    David Statue

    David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture sculpted by Michelangelo from 1501 to 1504. The 5.17 meter marble statue portray the hero after his victory over Goliath, Michelangelo chose to represent David before the fight contemplating(沉思)the battle yet to come. To protect it from damage, the famous statue was moved in 1873 to the Accademia Gallery in Florence in Italy, where it attracts many visitors. A replica was placed in the Piazza della Signoria, at the original location.

    Great Sphinx

    Located at the Giza Plateau near Cairo in Egypt, the Great Sphinx is one of the largest and oldest statues in the world, but basic facts as who was the model for the face, when it was built, and by whom, are still debated. It is the largest monolithic(独块巨石的)statue in the world although it is considerably smaller than the pyramids around it. Despite conflicting evidence and viewpoints over by the years, the traditional view held by modern Egyptologists at large remains that the Great Sphinx was built in approximately 2500 BC by the Pharaoh Khafre, the supposed builder of the second pyramid at Giza.

    Statue of Liberty

    The Statue of Liberty, a gift from the people France to celebrate the centennial of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence, stands upon Liberty Island and is one of the most famous symbols in the world. It represents a woman wearing a stole, a radiant crown and sandals, trampling a broken chain, carrying a torch her raised right hand and a tabula ansata tablet in her left hand. The construction of the statue was completed in France 1886 until the jet age, it was often one of the first glimpses of the United States for millions of immigrants.