天净沙·秋思                       天净沙·春

                                                                             （元）马致远                         （元）白朴

                                                                               枯藤老树昏鸦，                    春山暖日和风，

                                                                               小桥流水人家，                    阑干楼阁帘栊①，

                                                                               古道西风瘦马。                    杨柳秋千院中。

                                                                               夕阳西下，                           啼莺舞燕，

                                                                               断肠人在天涯。                    小桥流水飞红②。

【注】①帘栊：带帘子的窗户。②飞红：花瓣飞舞，指落花。

有人说：“洋务运动因战争而兴起，又因战争而宣告失败”。战争分别指（    ）