Time for a Brainstorm

    A brainstorm is a session where a small group of people come together to solve a problem．People voice spontaneous ideas, sometimes just shouting , and a note-taker writes them all down．____By getting different ideas out there, ideas are said to bounce off each other and even can help solve the problem at hand．Brainstorming is often a group exercise but individuals can also conduct personal brainstorms．

    ____He defined it as using the brain to storm a creative problem and do so in commando (突击队）fashion，with each stormer attacking the same objective．According to him,, it was easier to tone down a wild idea than think up a new one．He placed importance on the collection of as many ideas as possible and dismissed scientific thinking．

    Brainstorming has become one of the most popular ways to solve problems and hold discussion in schools and businesses．Many students brainstorm for a group assignment or even for a personal essay． Sarah Grace, 24, is an Australian marketing analyst and uses brainstorming during all her creative duties． She thinks brainstorming is the best way to work as a team．The sessions get everyone on the same page，everyone moving together and with a clear understanding about the foundations of an event or idea．____

However, a big problem with brainstorming is creating a mess that leads people further away from a solution．____ If you don't have a strong moderator or leader of the brainstorm, can go really off track，and people just start discussing something totally different． Brainstorming can sometimes confuse the human brain． ____ If you brainstorm too much and your page is filled up with all the messy links, you can paint yourself into a bit of comer and get trapped with ideas． You need to move past brainstorming as soon as you have something workable．

A．The ideas can be smart，strange or crazy．

B．It is caused by a lack of direction from a leader．

C．Brainstorming really helps her organize her thoughts．

D．Brainstorming really is the best way to build team spirit．

E．It can open too many doors and not suggest a clear direction．

F．Brainstorms were popularized in the 1940s by American advertising boss Alex Osborn．．

G．They can be words, phrases, paragraphs and anything that can help answer the question．

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飞机黑匣子
①现代民航客机尽管采用大量新技术，采取许多安全防范措施，但意外坠机事件仍在所难免。一旦发生空难，人们总是千方百计寻找黑匣子，从中分析事故原因。
②黑匣子是一种飞行记录仪。它记录下飞行中的重要参数，例如，飞机相对地面状态、速度、高度、航向、航速、燃料等等。依照这些参数，就可以很容易标绘出航迹。信息随录随洗，但保留飞机失事前数小时的飞行信息。
③其实黑匣子并非黑色，而是桔红色。它之所以采用桔红色，主要为了与周围地形地貌颜色相区别，便于搜寻。除了桔红色外表外，为了更容易找到它，黑匣子还装有无线电信标，这种装置能自动、定时向外发射一定的无线电信号，便于专用的接收机接收。
④黑匣子外壳十分坚固。它能同时承受来自三个方向3．4公斤重的物体长达5分钟的撞击；能承受一件230公斤的重物从3米高度砸下的冲击；黑匣子表面覆涂隔热材料，能经受起火爆炸，并能在1100℃的烈火中烧半小时；能在3米深的水中浸泡30天。所以，在飞机遭遇不幸后，黑匣子往往是唯一的“幸存者”。
⑤为了保证黑匣子能正常工作，与所有航空航天设计一样，它在工作程序和故障考虑上有很高的“自保性”和“互保性”。这点好比进入银行金库的规章制度一样，目的是为了万无一失。例如黑匣子的电源供给很特殊。在正常情况下，黑匣子所需的直流电由飞机的发电系统供给。这种发电机是交直流变换机，将发出的交流电直接由直流电机变换成直流电。而一旦发电机出故障时，立即自动切换成由蓄电池供电，提供所需的电压。又如黑匣子的工作开关一般在飞机发动前应接通，但即使驾驶员忘记了也无妨。当飞机在跑道上滑行到一定速度后，起落架自动收回，黑匣子的工作开关因起落架支柱的压力而自动接通。
⑥目前正在研制中的黑匣子将趋于微型计算机化。这个电子装置被装在一个保护匣内，它由采集数据的接口卡片、存储器和把信息编入存储器的程序三个主要部分组成。它与传统的黑匣子相比有很大优越性，例如，它可以变换参数记录速度，当一出现不正常时，便自动加快记录速度，以备人们更加准确地进行分析，此外，它的体积也将被大大缩小。