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【20世纪的战争与和平】阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:1950年10月5日,斯大林在给***的电报中,关于中国出兵朝鲜问题表明了苏联政府的态度。他在电报中说:“当然,我也考虑过,美国尽管没有做好大战的准备,仍可能为了面子而被拖入大战,这样一来,自然中国将被拖入战争,苏联也将同时被拖入战争。”

    1951年6月4日,美国国务卿艾奇逊在参议院军事委员会和外交委员会主持召开的关于美国在朝鲜应采取政策问题的听证会上指出:“如果把战争扩大到中国,就会给俄国一个合法的借口干涉这一战争,中苏之间的条约具备这样的性质,同时中国人也会根据这个条约,要求俄国人这样做

——摘编自齐德学《中苏同盟在抗美援朝战争中的作用》

材料二:“如果美帝国主义真正进攻我们的大陆,那就不只是中国一个国家的战争问题,我们和苏联已签订了《中苏友好同盟互助条约》,一打起来,就是全面性的打。”“我们今天不是孤立的,我们有《中苏友好同盟互助条约》,美国和联合国都晓得它要发动战争,那就意味着这是世界大战

——《周恩来军事文选》第4卷

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    Every week in China, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero, which is a Chinese­style spelling bee (拼写大赛). In this challenge, young competitors must write Chinese characters by hand. To prepare for the competition, the competitors usually spend months studying dictionaries.

    Perhaps the show's popularity should not be a surprise. Along with gunpowder and paper, many Chinese people consider the creation of Chinese calligraphy (书法) to be one of their primary contributions. Unfortunately, all over the country, Chinese people are forgetting how to write their own language without computerized help. Software on smart phones and computers allows users to type in the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet(字母). The correct character is chosen from a list. The result? It's possible to recognize characters without remembering how to write them.

    But there's still hope for the paint brush. China's Education Ministry wants children to spend more time learning how to write.

    In one Beijing primary school we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decorated classroom with traditional Chinese paintings hanging on the walls. Soft music plays as a group of six­year­olds dip brush pens into black ink. They look up at the blackboard often to study their teacher's examples before carefully trying to reproduce those characters on thin rice paper."If adults can survive without using handwriting, why bother to teach it now?"we ask the calligraphy teacher, Shen Bin."The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture,"she reasons."Students must learn now so they don't forget when they grow up."says the teacher.