计算：（﹣15）+（+7）﹣（﹣3）

①北京成为四方艺人的聚集中心      ②北京观众的口味和演出市场的需要

③清朝皇室贵族、官员的欣赏爱好    ④闭关政策使民族戏曲剧种得到发展

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(每空不多于3个单词）

    Most Chinese children seem to get ____ they want. Is this a sort of spoiling(溺爱) or love? I wonder. To my surprise, it seems that the life of a Chinese child is ____ (real) hard. Without doubt , the child is the very centre of a whole circle of adults, but ____ the other hand, he or she is also ____ (expect) to start studying according to adults' wishes. Many children of my son's ____ (age) take painting classes, piano lessons, and even English lessons. It looks as if Chinese adults think ____ just playing without learning anything is ____ waste of time.

    So from this point, Western children appear spoiled, just because they are allowed____ (play). But without this sort of play, ____ can Western children develop such free and rich imaginations? In fact, the connection between this imagination and the creativity is so important in the ____ (child) future life.