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Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days , a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.

    The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.

    The cat's lot was about to improve.  That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr.Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747,when Benjamin was nine years old,Mr.Pennington retured for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked  Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.

In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape (风景) painting.Wiliams ,a well-known painter,came to see him work . Wiliams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home .The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little,having been a poor student.But he later said,”Those two books were my companions by day,and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.

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    徐贞明,字孺东,贵溪人。举隆庆五年进士。知浙江山阴县,敏而有惠。万历三年,征为工科给事中。会御史傅应祯获罪,贞明入狱调护,坐贬太平府知事。十三年,累迁尚宝司丞。初,贞明为给事中,上水利、军班二议,谓:“北人未习水利,惟苦水害,不知水害未除,正由水利未兴也。盖水聚之则为害,散之则为利。今诚于上流疏渠浚沟引之灌田以杀水势下流多开支河以泄横流其淀之最下者留以潴水稍高者皆如南人筑圩之制则水利兴水患亦除矣”其议军班则言:“东南民素柔脆,莫任远戍。今数千里勾军,离其骨肉。而军非土著,志不久安,辄赂卫官求归。宜仿匠班例,军户应出军者,岁征其钱,而召募土著以足之便。”及贞明被谪,至潞河,终以前议可行,乃著《潞水客谈》以毕其说。及是贞明还朝,御史苏瓒力言其说可行,帝乃进贞明少卿,赐之敕,令往会抚按诸巨勘议。贞明乃躬历京东州县,相原隰,度土宜,周览水泉分合,条列事宜以上。其年九月,遂命贞明兼监察御史领垦田使,有司挠者劾治。贞明先诣永平,又遍历诸河,穷源竟委,将大行疏浚。而奄人、勋戚之占闲田为业者,恐水田兴而己失其利也,争言不便,为蜚语闻于帝。帝惑之。御史王之栋,畿辅人也,遂言水田必不可行。帝乃召见时行等,谕令停役。时行等请罢开河,专事垦田。帝卒罢之,而欲追罪建议者,用阁臣言而止。寻乞假归。十八年卒。贞明识敏才练,慨然有经世志。京东水田实百世利,事初兴而即为浮议所挠,论者惜之。

(节选自《明史·徐贞明传》,有删改)