They reached the top of the mountain and stopped       on a big rock.

从菲律宾、越南等国侵占我国南海部分岛礁，日本非法窃取我国钓鱼岛，到叙利亚冲突、巴以争端、朝核问题，国际争端从未间断。这说明（  ）
①局部战争和地区冲突不断
②和平与发展已不是当今时代的主题
③霸权主义和强权政治依然存在，新的不安全因素在增加
④世界格局多极化已经形成

阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

    在文明起源的研究中，社会复杂化常常被提及。早期复杂社会主要包含两方面内容，一是人类社会群体内部出现了制度化的不平等．二是社会群体之间有了等级分化、主从关系。仰韶文化历时约两千年，其社会形态也经历了从简单的平等社会到复杂社会的转变。

    作为仰韶文化早期的遗址．半坡村的发掘第一次向人们展示了6000多年前黄河流域的原始村庄。考古发掘表明．仰韶早期半坡文化的聚落形态表现出氏族社会的特征，迄今已知所有的居址和墓地都显示出以血缘关系为纽带、较为平等的简单社会形态。社会并没有出现明显分化。到了仰韶中期的庙底沟类型．社会分化逐渐凸显，聚落社会内部越来越分化，与其他地区史前文化的交流、融合也越来越密切。大聚落、大型公共建筑、缺少奢侈品的大墓，构成了庙底沟社会复杂化过程的显著特点，也体现了与中国其他主要史前文化区的不同。仰韶文化后期，在经历了庙底沟时期强劲的发展之后，仰韶文化出现了衰落迹象，南方的屈家岭文化和东方的大汶口文化从两个方向分别进入中原腹地，其生存空间受到挤压．呈现出一种衰落趋势。由于受环境限制和文化中保守因素的束缚。当太湖地区已经进入古国文明阶段时。仰韶文化分布区仍处于文明前夜·成为被周边文化影响的区域。

    从社会复杂化的角度看。从距今6000年开始，仰韶文化图内的社会分化日渐明显，即从半坡类型向庙底沟类型的过渡时期。数次重大遗址的发掘证实．这一时期大小聚落内基本的社会组织单元都逐步向小型化分解。由从前规模较大的氏族等大集体转变为家族或大家庭等较小群体。半坡类型时期．无论是西安半坡遗址，还是宝鸡北首岭聚落遗址．都表现出向心的凝聚式的聚落形态．反映的是平等的社会形态：而到了庙底沟类型时期，聚落中出现了建筑工艺很高的特大型房址，反映出当时的社会出现了分化。西坡遗址考古发现。大墓和中小墓交织在一起，同时，在西坡墓地中发现了玉钺，这在以前的仰韶中期文化中没有发现过。一般而言，玉钺象征着武力和权力。这些都表明当时的社会分化达到了相当程度。一些考古学家认为·这一时期是该区从氏族到国家发展的转折点，从那时起，生产技术有很多新突破，社会出现了真正的分工，氏族社会发展至鼎盛，由此进入解体时期，同时随着文明因素的出现，开始了文明、国家起源的新历程。

    近年来，伴随考古领域的一批重大发现，人们对仰韶文化又产生了许多新认识。西坡遗址大型房址和墓地的发现、杨官寨遗址大型环壕的发现，为在仰韶文化中探索中华文明起源提供了极为重要的资料。未来随着考古工作的深入开展，仰韶文化的聚落形态、社会制度等有望得到全面揭示。

(选自《中国社会科学报》，有删改)

阅读理解

                                                                                 World's Wonderful Libraries

    How cool can libraries be in an era of iPads and Kindles Morethan you think. Only if you know where to go.

                                                                                         Central Library

    The Central Library in Seattle,United States is modern and sophisticated. The building is an impressive work of art, which has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours. The library offers free self-guided cell phone tours, along with group tours.

    The library holds various art exhibitions, book signings andother events throughout the year.

    Open: Monday-Thursday 10 a.m-8 p.m, Friday-Saturday 10 a.m-6p.m, Sunday noon-6 p.m

                                                                                      Trinity College Library

    The Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I.

    Not only is the exterior impressive, it boasts the largest single chamber library in the world, also known as the Long Room, which contains more than 200,000 of the library's oldest books.

    Various exhibitions and tour are available; admission 9(US 12)

    Open: Monday-Wednesday 9:30 a.m -5 p.m, Tuesday 9:30 a.m -9 p.m,Saturday 9:30 a.m -1 p.m, Sunday closed.

                                                                                    Bibliotheca Alexamdrina

    The Bibliotheca Alexamdrina is the revival(复兴) of theancient Royal Library of Alexandria, which was the largest and most influential library in the Greek world. It was built by Alexander the Great some 2, 300years ago.

    The new library was reborn in 2002 on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea after 10 years of designing, planning and construction.

Along with the standard libraries, there are four museumscovering science, Arabic Calligraphy, the history of printing and the Greekart.

    Open: Saturday-Thursday 9 a.m- 4 p.m.

                                                                                       Stuttgart City Library

    The Stuttgart City Library is controversial. Some say it's innovative, while others say it doesn't match its environment.

     Nevertheless, the library is one of the most interesting buildings in Germany. The design of the cubic facility was influenced by the ancient Pantheon in Rome. It serves as a multi-story meeting space that draws natural sunlight through the roof.

    Open: Monday-Saturday 9 a.m--9 p.m

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