题干

1930年美国天文学家汤博发现冥王星,当时错估了冥王星的质量,以为冥王星比地球还大,所以命名为大行星。然而,现代的观测正在改变我们对行星系统的认识。经过近30年对冥王星的进一步观测,发现它的直径只有2300公里,比月球还要小。2006年8月24日召开的第26届国际天文学联合会(IAU)大会上通过决议,冥王星将不再位于“行星”之列,而属于矮行星,并提出了行星的新定义。行星新定义中有一点是行星的质量必须足够大。假如冥王星的轨道是一个圆形,在以下给出的几个条件中能估测出其质量的是(万有引力常量G已知)                                                     (  )

A:冥王星围绕太阳运转的周期和轨道半径

B:冥王星围绕太阳运转的线速度和冥王星的半径

C:冥王星的卫星查龙(charon)围绕冥王星做圆周运动的加速度和冥王星的半径

D:冥王星的卫星查龙(charon)围绕冥王星做圆周运动的线速度和轨道半径

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D

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    In 1863, the great novelist Jules Verne wrote a novel called Paris in the Twentieth Century. In the book he used the full power of his great ability to forecast the coming century. Unfortunately, the manuscript (手稿) was lost until his great-grandson happened to discover it lying in a safe where it had been carefully locked away for almost 130 years. Realizing what a treasure he had found, he arranged to have it published in 1994, and it became a bestseller at once.

    Back in 1863, kings still ruled the ancient world in Europe, with so many poor people working in the fields. And steam power was just beginning to change the world. But Verne predicted that Paris in 1960 would have glass skyscrapers, air conditioning, TV, high-speed trains, gas-powered vehicles, and even something similar to the Internet. Verne described life in modem Paris almost without any mistakes.

    Just two years later Verne made another amazing prediction. He wrote From the Earth to the Moon, in which he predicted the details of the task that sent several astronauts to the moon 100 years later in 1969. He correctly predicted the size of the space capsule, the number of astronauts who would carry out the task, the weightlessness that the astronauts would experience, and the final landing in the ocean.

    How was Jules Verne able to predict 100 years into the future successfully? Although he was not a scientist himself, Verne often turned to scientists, asking them questions about their opinions of the future. He collected a vast amount of information about the great scientific discoveries of his time. Verne realized that science would make it possible for many amazing things to appear in the future. The secret of his successful prediction was his belief in the power of science to change society.