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民主制度的发展经历了一个漫长的历史进程。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:我们的国体之所以被称作民主,是因为权力不是被少数人、而是被所有人民掌握。当法律对所有的人都一视同仁、公正地调解人们的私人争端时,民主政体的优越性也就得到确认。

——伯里克利演讲词

材料二:(18世纪英国)国王是议会的一部分,所以也是他适当享有立法权的理由。……1760年乔治三世的即位,他把乔治一世时起几乎一直在执政的辉格党人赶下台,开创了一直延续到 1830 年的托利党人独霸的局面。……革命民主主义者潘恩的批评最为深刻,他说“尽管我们十分聪明,曾经对专制君主政体关门下锁,但同时我们也十分愚蠢,曾让国王掌握了钥匙。”

——阎照祥《英国虚君制的逐步形成》

材料三:“八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上缔造了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行人人生而平等的原则……要使这个国家在上帝的庇佑之下,得到新生的自由——要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。

——1863年林肯葛底斯堡演讲词

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