某班学生准备到郊外山地进行登山越野活动，设计行动方案时主要应参考的地图是（   ）

下列哪种现象属于摩擦起电（　　）

____

社会转型是经济形态、政治结构、思想意识等领域的深刻变化。阅读材料，回答问题：

材料一

宋代是封建生产关系发生变化和转型的时期，立国之初就“田制不立”“不抑兼并”，使社会上形成了一种“贫富无定势，田宅无定主”的趋势。与土地制度的变化相适应，封建剥削方式也发生变化。同时，在官私手工业作坊中也普遍实行了有利于提高生产积极性的雇值制度。新的社会经济关系使宋代商品经济得以迅速发展，以至于有人认为宋代发生了“商业革命”。

——梁泉《我们只有一个中国》

材料二

明清时期，士人从商是很普遍的现象。清代李象琨《棣怀堂随笔》中说：“昊郡之士半商人”。明代士商还在总结行商经验的基础上编纂了一系列对于经商有实用价值的书籍，其中就有专为士商编写并以“士商”一词命名的，如澹漪子编的《士商要览》和程春宇缡的《士商类要》等。嘉道时期，士商相混的趋势愈演愈甚。商人们把培养后代入仕作为从商的最终目的，捐输买官成为他们跻身于士群体的主要途径。这类“绅商”群体，逐渐取代传统的绅士阶层，成为中国社会最有权势的在野阶层，在晚清政治中扮演了重要的角色，最终导致了传统四民社会的解体。

——摘编自傅志明《儒商的内涵与外延辨析》

材料三

嘉、道时期，理学出现了斯的发展态势，尤其是在理学营垒中出现了一个较有生气的湖湘经世派别，它强调理学的经世功用。如贺长龄等敏锐地感觉到理学在实务方面的严重不足，强调以“义理”修身养性的同时，要重视经世致用之学，对当时学术界影响非常巨大。他委托魏源编辑的《皇朝经世文编》，集清代中期经世实学之大成。稍后的曾国藩，更以清醒的政治眼光洞察到清王朝的统治危机需要经世实学的扶持，成为嘉、道时期湖湘经世派的代表人物。

——摘编自郑大华、刘平《论清代嘉道时期的湖湘经世派》

    A travel journal（日记）is one of the best ways to keep a long journey in memory. While you are writing your travel journal, many things don't seem s____, but they often turn out to be what make the trip so memorable.

    It is important to have the h____of writing your travel journal every day. When you are on a busy journey, you probably won't remember to write. You may promise that you will write l____, but that almost never happens. Take a few minutes every day and put down your memories. It doesn't have to be long.

    Use your “down time” p____. There is a surprising amount of sitting around while traveling. You can always put down a few lines in your travel journal when you are on trains, waiting for planes, or waiting in line.

    In your heading, write down the day, where you are, who you are with, maybe even the weather and what you eat. These are the details that people are most likely to f____. After many years when you read your journal, you will know exactly what you were doing on that day.

    Focus on writing about how you feel. Listing facts and figures is fine, but that isn't why you traveled. A long journey is a time for self-reflection（自我反思）. Memories of these feelings fade（褪去） quickly with time, so it is important to write about those experiences when the memories are still f____.

    Keep ticket stubs（票根）. Whenever you use a ticket for a train or a museum or a ride, stick the stubs to your journal. They are also a good r____of your travel experiences. One day you can look at the ticket stubs and see exactly what you were doing on a certain day and how much it cost.