青花瓷发展的黄金时代是明朝永乐、宣德时期，与郑和下西洋在时间上重合，这不能不使我们思考：航海与瓷器同时达到鼎盛，仅仅是历史的偶然吗？从历史事实来看，郑和下西洋为青花瓷的迅速崛起提供了历史契机。近三十年的航海历程推动了作为商品的青花瓷大量生产与外销，不仅促进技术创新，使青花瓷达到瓷器新工艺的顶峰，而且改变了中国瓷器发展的走向，带来了人们审美观念的更新。这也就意味着，如果没有郑和远航带来活跃的对外贸易，青花瓷也许会像在元代一样，只是中国瓷器的诸多品种之一，而不会成为主流，更不会成为中国瓷器的代表。由此可见，青花瓷崛起是郑和航海时代技术创新与文化交融的硕果，中外交往的繁盛在推动文明大交融的同时，也推动了生产技术与文化艺术的创新发展。

    作为中外文明交融的结晶，青花瓷真正成为中国瓷器的主流，则是因为成化年间原料本土化带来了民窑青花瓷的崛起。民窑遍地开花，进入商业化模式之后，几乎形成了青花瓷一统天下的局面。一种海外流行的时尚由此成为中国本土的时尚，中国传统的人物、花鸟、山水，与外来的伊斯兰风格融为一体，青花瓷成为中国瓷器的代表，进而走向世界，最终万里同风，成为世界时尚。

    一般来说，一个时代有一个时代的文化，而时尚兴盛则是社会快速变化的标志。因此，瓷器的演变之所以引人注目，还在于它与中国传统社会从单一向多元社会的转型同步。瓷器的演变与社会变迁有着千丝万缕的联系，这使我们对明代有了新的思考和认识。如果说以往人们所了解的明初是一个复兴传统的时代，其文化特征是回归传统，明初往往被认为是保守的，那么青花瓷的例子，则可以使人们对明初文化的兼容性有一个新的认识。事实上，与明代中外文明的交流高峰密切相关，明代中国正是通过与海外交流而走向开放和进步的，青花瓷的两次外销高峰就反映了这一点。第一次在亚非掀起了中国风，第二次则兴起了欧美的中国风。可见，明代不仅是中国陶瓷史上的一个重大转折时期，也是中国传统社会的重要转型时期。正是中外文明的交融，成功推动了中国瓷器从单色走向多彩的转型，青花瓷以独特方式昭示了明代文化的演变过程，成为中国传统社会从单一走向多元的例证。

（摘编自万明《明代青花瓷崛起的轨迹》）

名著阅读。
     《水浒》的作者是          ，元末明初人。它是我国第一部        小说。该书描写了北宋徽宗时，以           为首的108名好汉在水泊梁山聚义，打家劫舍、杀富济贫的豪举。

阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

What makes you happy? This is a question that many of us would like to have an answer to. However, it is very difficult, especially when you are between the age of 14 and 24 and there is not a lot of time for self-questioning. But the famous music TV channel MTV organised a survey asking exactly this question, and now we know what 1,280 young people say they think about this.

Is it going out with friends? Is it becoming a star? Is it having enough money to buy clothes and mobile phones? Well no, none of these. What makes teens happy is spending time with their families. Yes, that's right, they say they prefer being with parents and brothers and sisters to spending time with friends. And who are these teenagers' heroes? Film stars? Their favourite rock musicians? Football players? Surprise, surprise! The young people in the survey say that their hero is one of their parents.

    So, what's your opinion? What's your answer to the question? American teenagers also say friendship and spirituality are important, and not material things -mobile phones and mp3 players are not the centre of their lives. This evening, when you have five minutes, make a list of the situations, people and things which give you joy.

    The MTV survey is also very important for parents. It is a big responsibility to be your child's hero. It's no good being the sort of parent who doesn't find time to sit together and have a chat, to ask and answer questions. What young people want is parents that love and understand them, who they can talk to. This evening, when you come back from work, don't just turn on the TV or start cooking. Ask your kids "How's it going?" and stay there to really listen to their answer.

    包拯字希仁，庐州合肥人也。始举进士，出知^①建昌县。以父母皆老，辞不就。后数年，亲继亡。拯庐墓终丧，犹徘徊不忍去，里中父老数来劝勉。拯乃强应之。赴调，知天长县。有盗割人牛舌者，主来诉。拯曰：“第^②归，杀而鬻^③之。”寻^④复有来告私杀牛者，拯曰：“何为割牛舌而又告之？汝坐盗割牛舌！”盗惊服。

    徙知端州，迁殿中丞。端土产砚，前守缘贡，素取数十倍以遗⑤权贵。拯命制者才足贡数，岁满不持一砚归。

（选自《包拯传》，有删改）

【注】①知：主持管理。 ②第：只管。③鬻：卖。 ④寻：不。久⑤遗：赠送。