按唐制，中男(男丁l6岁以上至21岁为中男)不服兵役，成男(男丁22岁以上为成男)才服兵役。某次，封德彝提出中男服役的建议，得到太宗许可。但是，魏征不肯签署文件，并指出这是竭泽而渔的做法。最终此提议没有通过。据此可知，当时魏征供职于哪个部门（   ）

已知曲线$f\left(x\right)=\ln x$在点$\left(x_0,f\left(x_0\right)\right)$处的切线经过点$\left(0,-1\right)$，则$x_0$的值为(      )

工商业者的子弟可以参加科举考试，允许做官，最早是从（　　） 开始的。

文言文阅读

【甲】

    于是入朝见威王，曰：“臣诚知不如徐公美。臣之妻私臣，臣之妾畏臣，臣之客欲有求于臣，皆以美于徐公。今齐地方千里，百二十城，宫妇左右莫不私王，朝廷之臣莫不畏王，四境之内莫不有求于王：由此观之，王之蔽甚矣。”

    王曰：“善。”乃下令：“君臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏；上书谏寡人者，受中赏：能谤讥于市朝，闻寡人之耳者，受下赏。”令初下，群臣进谏，门庭若市；数月之后，时时而间进；期年之后，虽欲言，无可进者。燕、赵、韩、魏闻之，皆朝于齐。此所谓战胜于朝廷。                                      (选自《战国策·齐策一》)

【乙】

    伏伽^①曰：“臣闻‘性相近，习相远’。今皇太子诸王左右执事，不可不择。大抵不义无赖及驰骋射猎歌舞声色慢游之人，止可悦耳目，备驱驰，至拾遗补阙，决不能也。泛观前世子姓^②不克孝兄弟不克友莫不由左右乱之。愿选贤才，澄僚友^③之选。”

    帝^④大说，即诏：“周、隋之晚，忠臣结舌，是谓一言丧邦者。朕惟寡德，不能性与天道，然冀弼谐以辅不逮，而群公卿士罕进直言。伏伽至诚慷慨，据义恳切，指朕失无所讳。其以伏伽为治书侍御史，赐帛三百匹。”    (选自《新唐书·卷一百三·列传第二十八》)

    【注释】①伏伽：孙伏伽，唐初大臣，历史上有据可查的第一位状元。②子姓：子孙，子孙辈。③僚友：指官职相同的人。④帝：指唐高祖。

根据短文理解, 从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

    In the United States, "hitting the books" means studying a subject with great effort.

    One of the greatest challenges for students is taking tests. Students 1 long hours preparing for a test. They read all their books carefully, and then read them a second time and a third time. They 2 they know all the material the teacher has offered and prepare for every possible question. They study every night. They are "hitting the books".

    In the United States, most children go to school 3  they are 5 years old. Public education is free and most children go to schools near their homes. School in these early years is 4. The children learn to read and write, but they also play games and go on trips. There is no 5 for them to hit the books at such an early age.

    This situation changes as children become older. The subjects become more difficult. Students must 6 world history, physics and the life sciences. Tests become more common.

    Pressure is 7 to hit the books, study hard, and advance（升级）. However, most serious students only really begin 8 the books for long hours when they reach high school.

    High school students who hope to continue their education at a college or university 9 take a special test called the SAT. If they get a 10 score on the test, they have a good chance to enter a top American college. For this reason, many students hit the books for months to prepare for the SAT.

    All this adds up to a lot of work-"hitting the books". Knowledge is a prize that is not easy to gain.