文言文阅读。阅读下面的文言文，完成下列各题。

    李侃，字希正，东安人。正统七年进士，授户科给事中。景帝监国，陈简将才、募民壮、用战车三事。也先逼京师，议者欲焚城外马草。侃言敌轻剽，无持久心，乞勿焚，免复敛为民累。皆报许。时父母在容城，侃晓夜悲泣，乞假，冒险迎之。 景泰初议录扈从死事诸臣后侃因言避难偷生者宜严谴以厉臣节上皇将还与同官刘福等言礼宜从厚。忤旨，被诘，尚书胡濙为解，乃已。

    再迁都给事中。军兴，减天下学校师儒俸廪。侃奏复之。户部尚书金濂违诏征租，侃论濂，下之吏。石亨从子彪侵民业，侃请置重典，并严禁勋戚、中官不得豪夺细民，有司隐者同罪。帝宥亨、彪，余如其请。时给事中敢言者，林聪称首，侃亦矫抗有直声。廷议易储，诸大臣唯唯。侃泣言东宫无失德，聪与御史硃英亦言不可，时议壮之。擢詹事府丞。天顺元年改太常丞，进太仆卿。明年复设山西巡抚，迁侃右佥都御史任之。奏言：“塞北之地，与穷荒无异。非生长其间者，未有能宁居而狎敌者也。今南人戍西北边，怯风寒，闻寇股栗。而北人戍南，亦不耐暑，多潜逃。宜令南北清勾之军，各就本土补伍，人情交便，戎备得修。”时不能用。 奏发巡按李杰罪，杰亦讦侃。按杰事有验，除名。侃无赃罪，获宥。六年考察属吏，奏罢布政使王允、李正芳以下百六十人。因言：“诸臣年与臣若、不堪任事者，臣悉退之，臣亦当罢。”诏不许。侃性刚方，力振风纪，贪墨者屏迹。其年冬以母丧归，军民拥泣，至不得行。服除，遂不出，家居十余年卒。

    侃事亲孝，好学安贫，殁几不能殓。弘治初，国子生江纪等言，前祭酒胡俨，都御史高明、李侃学行事功，彰著耳目，并乞赐谥。寝不行。侃二子：德恢，严州知府；德仁，河东盐运使。

（节选自《明史•列传第四十七》）

①***始终代农人民群众的根本利益，具有无比先进性

②***是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心

③***具有近九千万党员，是全国第一大党

④***的领导足社会主义现代化建设顺利进行的根本保证

Do you have any foreign friends? Do you know their characteristics(特征)?
The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm. They don't like to speak more words. They look very serious. They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are very hard—working. They like tidiness, especially the women, who always keep their home clean.
In some ways, the Englishmen look the same as the Germans. They are very quiet and never talk too much with the strangers. They are really polite, so we often hear they say "Thank you."Or "Sorry."The gentlemen are also the Englishmen.
The French's holidays are very long. They like traveling and usually spend their long time staying in other countries. The Frenchmen are more outgoing than the Germans. It is very easy to make friends with them.
Compared to the Frenchmen, the Americans are more outgoing. And they are even opener than all of the Europeans. They don't like to depend on others. So it is very common that the students do part-time jobs in their free time. And in Americans' eyes, success is an important part in their life.

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