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耳边杜鹃啼

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午夜梦回,睡不着觉时,我通常起身看书或写稿,醒的时间无定时。近来醒来常听见悲切鸟啼,像贺铸词《忆秦城》句:

三更月,中庭恰照梨花雪。梨花雪,不胜凄断,杜鹃啼血。

杜鹃鸟通常在二月份起就开始夜啼,唐诗中有“杜鹃枝上月三更”,年年二月起,它的凄厉悲切的啼声,时近时远。我住的地方附近,有一片树林,那一片树林,晨昏可听到各种鸟鸣,自然每年也少不了杜鹃的“不如归去”的鸣叫,夜半鹃啼大概也发自那里。

据说杜鹃啼到吐血而死,三月份姹紫嫣红的“山踟蹰”,有人叫“映山红”,更多人则叫它为杜鹃花,传说是因杜鹃啼叫吐血亡后,这花便是它的血化成的。杜鹃鸟开始啼叫,正是杜鹃花开得最灿烂的时候,像现在已四月立夏,我在浅水湾头,耳边还有它悲悲啼啼的声音,传自山边。看来花虽已谢而鸟未亡,可见啼血化花只是美丽的附会。

杜鹃这种鸟在动物学上,是不值得恭维的,据说它不自己营巢,产卵在地上,等到其它鸟类出去觅食,剩下空果,它就把卵统统放进别人巢中,等别的鸟代它孵育。这自然不是一位好母亲所为。想来小鸟孵出来后,可能还要别人代它喂养到毛翼丰满,能自行觅食为止。这鸟比起乌鸦燕子的母性,显得不负责任,好在它能整天悲悲切切却引人同情,所以又说它是杜宇望帝的化身,是“蜀人悲子鹃鸟鸣”哩!

据说逆旅中的游子,听到这种啼声,常常动起思家归心,唐代无名氏《杂诗》云:

    早是有家归未得,杜鹃休向耳边啼。

有家归不得时,整天却听到“不如归去,不如归去”,心中的烦躁牵挂之情可以想象。

杜鹃啼声凄厉悲切,古今公认,但它的声音大概在不同地方有不同的附会。有人听出它是“姑姑,姑姑”,也有人听出是“姑乎,姑乎”,而潮州人则听出是“姑虎,姑虎”,且凭这蹄声,编织成一个动人的故事叫做《姑嫂鸟》,潮州家喻户晓,还在舞台演出。

潮州旧历四月盛产杨梅,到了端午便过时,杨梅开花在初春,也正是杜鹃启啼之时,传说有姑嫂两人善于绣花,工艺精湛,能见之花均被绣尽,唯独未见杨梅花的样貌,而杨梅开花在夜间,开完便谢,同时杨梅多种于山林,封建时代的妇女三步不出闺门,她们两人深以未能亲见杨梅花开为憾,于是相议于月明之夜,结伴离家到杨梅林中观赏杨梅花开的形状,准备把它绣出来。当她们到杨梅林时,遇见一只老虎,嫂子惊得昏了过去,及醒来,不见小姑。于是一路呼唤“姑姑,姑姑”,后来叫的精疲力竭,发现小姑的鞋子,知为虎所害,于是啼叫“姑姑”变成“姑虎,姑虎”,因怕回婆家被责骂,叫至吐血而死,死后化成鸟,在每年杨梅花开时即开始呼叫,一直叫到端午杨梅过后为止。

潮州人叫这种鸟为“姑嫂鸟”,而不说它是与杜宇有关。一种鸟有这样那样的传说,自然是各地有不同人创造的故事。文学作品是人创造出来的,故事同环境、时间相结合,可以编成动人的作品。即使像杜鹃这样不值得恭维的鸟,一样可以附会成凄婉哀伤的故事。当我们听到这些故事,甚至读到前人写的诗词时,我们同情其故事,就自然忘记了这种鸟的恶行止,可见文学手段可以化腐朽为神奇。人们也喜欢把一些耳闻眼见的事物,与美好的传说结合在一起。杜鹃这种鸟就这样美化了几千年,而且还会继续下去。

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    Here are the lessons that my first swimming experience taught me about starting a business.

    ____For the first time, I went beyond thinking of swimming and actually made a conscious decision to swim. When it comes to starting that business, it's enough with the wishing, thinking and talking. You need to make a conscious decision to start.____ It is something you have to do consciously. Thus you need to go beyond desiring that business.

    Tell your friends and family about your decision. I started telling my close friends and family members about my intention to go swimming for the first time. Some of them laughed at me, but it didn't stop me. I did it for two reasons. On one hand, I wanted to receive encouragement On the other hand, however, telling people about it made me responsible for them____ You can discuss the plan with your boss or best friend.

    Secure yourself. After getting my swimming ticket, I quickly asked for a lifebelt I wasn't about, to go into the swimming pool for the first time without it. Prevention is always better and cheaper than cure Make security a priority in your new business.____

    Enjoy yourself. Yeah, I had a lot of fun at the pool.____ Starting and running a business should also involve an amount of fun. I don't mean you should not take things seriously. But not until you do what you enjoy, or enjoy what you do and have fun in the process, can your business be successful.

A. Decide to take action.

B. Make up your mind and just wait silently.

C. So go ahead and tell someone about your business plans.

D. I hung out with my friends and we all had a wonderful time.

E. Put as much money as you can in business regardless of security.

F. Making a decision involves more than just wishing for something to happen.

G. The higher the worth of the business is, the more effort you should put in security.