下面描述属于气候的是

要争气不要斗气

徐文秀

    ①俗话说：“佛争一炷香，人争一口气。”从一定意义上讲，人活着就是为了争一口气。有的人曾家境贫寒、出身低微，被人瞧不起、看不上，然而刻苦努力、一路打拼，最终靠苦学苦干成就一番事业；有的人在学习、工作上曾落后于人，事不遂愿，然而卧薪尝胆、奋发作为，结果弯道超车，令人刮目相看。

    ②懂得争气、努力争气的人，血是热的，心是澎湃的，生命是年轻的，如破土小草茁壮地生长，似破茧之蝶顽强地展翅，充满蓬勃向上的生机与活力。当年鲁迅先生对笔下的阿Q是“哀其不幸，怒其不争”。俗言“可怜之人必有可恨之处”，阿Q的“可恨之处”便是不争气。

    ③人，应该争气、必须争气。人生一世，草木一秋。“雁过留声，人过留名。”来到这个世上，大多数人都想踏踏实实做几件有意义的事，轰轰烈烈干几件争光添彩“长脸儿”的事。“中国铁路之父”詹天佑，正是冲着有外国人称“能够修筑铁路的中国工程师还没有出世”的挖苦，顶着重重压力，用不到4年的时间建成了原计划6年完工的我国自主修建的第一条铁路——京张铁路；铁人王进喜“宁肯少活二十年，拼命也要拿下大油田”，为国分忧解难、为民族争光争气；还有当年曾经让无数国人扬眉吐气的女排姑娘，以漂亮的“五连冠”打出了国威，赢得了尊严，等等。这些早已成为我们“集体记忆”的故事，生动地诠释了争气的意义和价值。

    ④人靠什么争气？不是靠嘴巴吹出来的，而是靠实际行动干出来的。争气实际上争的是志气和骨气，最终还得靠本事和本钱，靠实力和实干。越是在遭受挫折的时候，越需要争气；越是在遭人歧视的时候，越需要争气；越是在受制于人的时候，越需要争气。干出了成绩，取得了成功，就是最有力的争气。

    ⑤真正懂得争气、学会争气的人，是不会也没必要去斗气的。斗气就是赌气、撒气、怄气，往往你争我斗说气话、发脾气。或极尽讽刺挖苦之能事，贬损他人，伤人面子又伤人里子；或互不相让，“顶”在那里“掰手腕”，非得争高低、论输赢、决强弱；或图自己一时痛快，“撂挑子”“卸担子”，等等。“千里家书只为墙，让他三尺又何妨！万里长城今犹在，不见当年秦始皇。”赌气、撒气、怄气，或许能解一时心头之气，实际上非但解决不了问题，反而伤身又伤心，伤人又伤己。《三国演义》中诸葛亮“三气”周瑜，周瑜大叹“既生瑜何生亮”，结果斗气而亡。眼下，一些人“路怒”开斗气车，也常常因一时之怒而酿成大祸，教训惨重。斗气好比蜜蜂蜇人，“把整个生命拼在对人的一刺之中”。赌气堵的是自己的路，斗气伤的是自家的命。人可以较真不可以较劲，可以红脸不可以翻脸，斗气就是在较劲和翻脸。

    ⑥争气是强者的阶梯，斗气是弱者的拐杖。要争气，不要斗气。

完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Virak Mao moved from Cambodia six and a half years ago. He was an exciting and 1 12-year-old boy，looking forward to his new life in Canada but fearful he wouldn't make friends, 2 since he didn't speak English. What great progress he has 3 since then.

    First of all, he got over those early difficulties and 4 friends. Mao not only mastered 5 but won the Grade 9 French award. At school, he 6 to organize school events. Mao also 7 at school, such as cleaning the library and helping others . Mao had wanted to be an engineer 8 after struggling with chemistry, he discovered a new passion for 9. At his Buddhist temple, Mao is a leader and 10 those who came to Canada for the first time to work hard. He also 11 in cultural dancing with other temple members, donating any 12 they raise back to the temple to buy supplies for the poor. Since the summer of 2011, he has held a job at a clothing store to help 13 his family. In June, Mao 14 from C.W. Jefferys and is now in the business management program at Ryerson University.

    He is also the first winner of a new scholarship 15 by the Graduate Business Council with the purpose of helping a student, 16 wants to improve his community and in 17 of money. Awarded the scholarship in June, Mao spoke about the 18 of the award. “I was so excited. It was a huge relief for me,” he said, adding he would buy textbooks and school supplies with the award. “I am really 19 they raised this money to award me the scholarship. I just have no words. Anyone who works hard gets well 20.”

“数字地球”的应用领域包括(　　)

①可持续发展　②政府决策　③百姓生活　④科学研究