题干

Brownie and Spotty were neighbor dogs. They loved each other and played together so often that they had worn a path through the grass of the field between their houses.
One evening, Brownie's family noticed that their dog hadn't returned home. They went looking for him, but with no success. Brownie didn't show up the next day, and by the next week he was still missing.
Curiously, Spotty showed up at Brownie's house alone. He barked loudly. But busy with their own lives, Brownie's family just ignored (忽略) their neighbor's nervous little dog.
Finally, one morning Spotty refused to take "no" for an answer. He followed Ted, Brownie's owner, everywhere he went. He barked, then rushed towards a nearby empty lot and back, as if to say, " Follow me!"
Finally, Ted followed the dog across the empty lot. The dog led the man to a tree a half-mile from the house. There Ted found Brownie alive. One of his legs was crushed (夹住) in a trap. Ted wished he had taken Spotty's earlier appeals (求助) seriously.
Then Ted noticed something amazing. In a circle around the injured dog, he saw a lot of dog food. They were the remains of lots of meals.
Spotty had been visiting Brownie every day. He had stayed with Brownie to protect him, snuggling(依偎) with him at night to keep him warm and nuzzling(用鼻子爱抚) him to keep his spirits up.

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近代平等思想发端于古希腊和罗马,而追求民权平等也是中国民主革命的先行者孙中山矢志一生的奋斗目标。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:公元前5世圮,雅典民主制达到高峰,平等的概念被用于政治领域,公民不分贫富和出身均有参与政治生活的同等权利。后来,平等观念随着罗马法的实施而传播开来。西塞罗在《论共和国》中进一步论迷道:“真正的法律乃是正确的理性,与自然相吻合……它是惟一的法律……对所有的人是共同的、如同教师和统帅的神”;“既然法律是公民联盟的纽带,由法律确定的权利是平等的,那么当公民的地位不相同时……作为同一个国家的公民起码应该在权利方面是相互平等的。”

——摘自西塞罗《论共和国》、王乐理《美德与国家》

材料二:“人与人之间本来都是平等的……人类主要的天然禀赋,生命和自由……人人可以享受”;“自从人们觉察到一个人据有两个人食粮的好处的时候起,平等就消失了、私有制就出现了。”

——摘自卢梭《论人类不平等的起源和基础》

材料三:孙中山一生奉行“天下为公”。“既知民为邦本,一国之内人人平等,君主何复有存在之余地!”从组织兴中会起,就把“创立合众政府”悬为鹄的。同盟会成立后,他提出“凡为国民皆平等以有参政权”。其后又发明“五权分立”的宪法,在西方三权分立基础上,参照传统的考试权和监察权而成,以保障民权的落实。民国肇造,约法颁布,民权平等曙光初现,旋为复辟势力所断。直至晚年,他依然致力于三民主义的新生,认为法国革命的“平等”和“民权主义”相同。

——据李华兴《评孙中山的民权主义思想》等整理

总结孙中山的民权平等思想,有以下两种认识可供讨论:

①它是顺应革命实践发展需要、与时俱进的产物;②它是洋为中用、古为今用的产物。