Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information

    Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. ____

    Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. ____

    Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior "contributes to" or is "associated with" an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. ____ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

    Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. ____ Evaluate "scientific" statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).

    ____ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

    Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A. Make choices that are right for you.

B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D. And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

阅读材料，回答问题

材料一：近年来，我国全面展开与世界各国的交往合作。***主席等国家领导人出访多国，展开大国外交；成功举办APEC 峰会、博鳌亚洲论坛等，开始主导国际议题并参与国际规则的制定；不断扩大对外援助的规模，面对埃博拉疫情、尼泊尔地震等，第一时间伸出援手，赢得国际赞誉。中国在各个多边舞台上，频繁地发出中国声音，拿出中国方案，展现中国智慧。

材料二：党的十八大从国家、社会、公民三个层面概括社会主义核心价值观的价值目标、价值取向和价值准则，倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐；自由、平等、共整个、法治；爱国、敬业、诚信、友善。社会主义核心价值观是人生奋斗的梦想之舵，是中华民族的精神之钙，是当代中国的兴国之魂。

“民主”是无数先贤孜孜以求的目标，也是党的十八大倡导的核心价值观之一。阅读下列材料：
材料一 一切享有各种天然能力的人，显然都是平等的。当他们发挥各种动物机能的时候，以及运用他们的理智的时候，他们是平等的。
——伏尔泰
材料二 我们现在认定只有这两位先生，可以救治中国政治上、道德上、学术上、思想上一切的黑暗。”
——陈独秀《新青年》
材料三 凡未经议会同意，以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力，为非法权力……凡未经议会准许，借口国王特权，为国王而征收，或供国王使用而征收金钱，超出议会准许之时限或方式者，皆为非法。
——《权利法案》
材料四 当民众发现他们在有力的政府的管理下生活安定时；……当栽下的幸福的种子开始生根发芽时；当每个人开始品尝自由的果实……所有这些幸事都会被归功于新政府有利的影响。
——华盛顿的私人信件
请回答：
（1）材料一中伏尔泰提出了什么观点？他生活的时代被后人称为什么时代？
（2）材料二中陈独秀提出的“德先生”和“赛先生”分别指什么？根据材料一、二，指出伏尔泰和陈独秀的共同贡献是什么？
（3）材料三反映了《权利法案》的主要目的是什么？该法案的颁布使英国确立了什么制度？
（4）材料四中华盛顿认为新政府有何作用？写出该政府建立的前提条件。
（5）今天，我们的使命就是践行民主。根据上述民主的演变史，概括民主的本质。