德国哲学家康德在题为《中国》的口授记录中介绍中国大运河：“由广州通向北京，就其长度而言，它是世界上独一无二的。”其实，大运河的起止点应该是      到北京。（   ）

 以下对电磁波的认识，正确的是（　　）

    Peng Liyuan, wife of President Xi Jinping, has drawn extensive attention from people both at home and abroad for her charisma and grace. Accompanying her husband on his first overseas trip after becoming president, Peng Liyuan exhibited graceful demeanor, a pleasant personality and well-chosen dress, prompting people to coin the term “Liyuan style”.

    Peng Liyuan, as one of China’s best-known singers, was popular among Chinese people long before her husband became the president. Loved by her fans, she has been in touch with the people for years.

    “Liyuan style” is not only representative of a fashion idol, but also overpass cultural and diplomatic barriers. The beautiful handbags Peng has carried, and the plain but elegant and delicate dresses she has worn have become popular. Her choice of clothing, made-in-China instead of luxurious foreign brands, shows her belief in domestic dress designs.

    But “Liyuan style” is not only about clothing and a woman’s paraphernalia. It is also about diplomacy and promoting China’s soft power. In Moscow, Peng visited a boarding school for orphans and children estranged (疏远) from their parents, encouraging them to strive for a better life, which brought out the maternal side of her character. In Tanzania, she donated sewing machines and school bags to women and children. And as a World Health Organization ambassador in the fight against AIDS, Peng is devoted to many public causes, including those relating to charity and healthcare.

    Some observers have already started saying that Peng's activities have become part of public diplomacy in China.

Also, “Liyuan style” has boosted the confidence of the Chinese people. Modem but not flashy, elegant but not arrogant, Peng has all the virtues of a Chinese woman and carries them to the international stage.

    Since the 18th Party Congress and the annual sessions of the NPC and CPPCC, the country’s new leadership has vowed to adopt a down-to-earth work style to connect with the people. Peng’s plain but elegant style shows that thriftiness and an earthy style need not be drab and boring.

    So it can be said that Peng's first appearance on the international stage has kicked off well.

阅读下列材料：
材料一 在我国早期封建化城市形成的过程中，真正起关键作用的是统治阶级的政治、军事需要。早期建筑的原因不外乎有以下三种：第一，大小诸侯国国都都是政治中心，都需要筑城；第二，各国纷争中需要在战略要地筑城；第三，在交通要道和人口密集的地方，封建社会的城市商业逐渐繁荣起来……
——胡如雷《中国封建社会形态研究》
材料二  工业革命将数以千计的人带到拥挤的城市与乡镇找工作。如英国的曼彻斯特在1780年建立起第一个大型机械化的棉纺织厂，不久便成为一个主要的纺织中心，人口由1750年的18000人增加到1851年人口普查时的30万人，大多数人口属于工人阶级和移民。城市化进程的加快，超过了城市资源和环境的承载力，严重影响了城市的可持续发展。
——何成刚《史料教学中的方法与策略》
材料三 鸦片战争后，在西方工业文明冲击下，随着资本主义生产方式和中国近代工商业的发展，中国传统的封建城市开始向近代资本主义城市方向发展。19世纪70年代以后，棉纺业、面粉、造纸、印刷、航运等各类民族工业，在上海、宁波、广州、天津等城市逐步发展起来。
——马春辉《中国城市化问题论纲》
材料四   1949—2006年我国城市化人口增长率变化图

根据材料，结合所学知识，回答问题。
（1）根据材料一，归纳中国封建社会城市形成的原因。
（2）概述材料二中工业革命给城市带来的影响。
（3）材料三中，鸦片战争后中国传统的封建城市开始向近代资本主义城市方向发展的原因有哪些？
（4）观察材料四柱状图，说出我国城市人口增长最快的时间段，并简述理由
（5）综上所述，谈谈你对城市化发展进程的认识。