题干

哥伦布开辟了欧洲到美洲的航线(见下图)。1992年是哥伦布航行到美洲500周年,欧洲许多国家纷纷举行纪念活动,为其间碑,但也引起美洲印第安人后裔的强烈不满,他们打出一条标语上写:“你们庆祝的是我们的苦难”。

(1)结合所学知识,指出“欧洲许多国家纷纷举行纪念活动,为其立碑”的主要原因?
(2)如何理解美洲印第安人后裔的标语“你们庆祝的是我们的苦难”?
(3)开辟新航路过程中,最早到达东方的是哪位航海家?
对哥伦布开辟欧洲到美洲的航线,有人歌颂,有人谴责。产生分歧的主要原因是人们出于不同的目的和动机,怀着不同的情感和心态,采用不同的标准和方法看待这一历史事件。
(4)客观、公正地评价历史事件应遵循哪些主要标准和方法?

上一题 下一题 0.0难度 选择题 更新时间:2016-04-01 07:47:02

答案(点此获取答案解析)

(1)哥伦布航行美洲以后,欧洲人在美洲的殖民掠夺,给欧洲带来了巨额财富,促进了欧洲资本主义的发展。
(2)哥伦布航行美洲以后,欧洲人在美洲的殖民掠夺,给印第安人带来了巨大的灾难。
(3)达伽马
(4)①是否顺应历史发展潮流。②是否推动生产力的发展③是否符合人民的利益和愿望④把历史事件置于特定的历史环境中加以评价,主观目的和客观作用分别评价⑤具体历史事件具体分析⑥全面的观点,一分为二的方法。

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    LUKLA, Nepal(Xinhua) – Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, once negatively recognized as the “world's highest junkyard”, is set to become cleaner as 30,000 porters(搬运工)have been mobilized(动员)for waste collection and disposal from the mountain's southern side. The cleanup drive was launched recently near Lukla airport, one of the world's most dangerous airports yet a vital gateway to the world's highest peak.

    “Our major task is to keep Everest, which is the pride of the world, clean. This campaign aims to transport 100 tons of nonburnable garbage from the Everest region to Kathmandu in 2018,”Ang Dorje Sherpa, chairman of the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee said.

    The SPCC, an environmental conversation organization, has made it mandatory(强制性)since 2013 that every climber should carry down 8 kilograms of trash, but for trekkers(旅行者)there is no such regulation. Due to this, more than 100 tons of waste gets collected in the region annually.

    According to Nepalese government statistics, nearly 50,000 domestic and foreign trekkers visit the Qomolangma region annually, while more than 400 mountaineers attempt to scale the peak. The collected waste mostly includes empty beer bottles and cans, oxygen bottles, torn tents and sleeping bags, food bins, and discarded mountaineering and trekking equipment. The trash was collected by local groups in more than a dozen villages while the waste was transported down the mountain in sacks(麻布袋)by porters and yak-hybrid animals as zopkyos. The cleanup covered settlements from up to 5,000 meters near the base camp, to Lukla airport located at an altitude of 2,805 meters.

    On the first day of the campaign, several tons of waste was sent off to Kathmando from Lulka on planes belonging to Tara Airlines, one of the leading private airlines in Nepal. The airlines have set an ambitious target of flying out 100 tons of waste from the region in 2018, as a part of its commitment to the UN Sustainable Development Goals against climate change. The company's CEO Umesh Chandra Rai said: “We hope that this campaign will help the local people to maintain a pristine(原始的), natural and unspoiled environment so that more trekkers will come from everywhere, making the trekking industry here more sustainable.”