Finding the Real You

    Psychometric testing—personality testing—has been very popular nowadays as studies show their results to be three times more accurate in predicting your job performance. These tests are now included in almost all graduate recruitment (招聘) and are widely used in the selection of managers.

    The most popular of these personality tests is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). It is based on the theory that we are born with a tendency to one personality type which stays more or less fixed throughout life. You answer 88 questions and are then given your “type”, such as Outgoing or Quiet, Feeling or Thinking.

    Critics of personality testing raise doubts about “social engineering”. Psychologist Dr. Colin Gill warns that the “popular” personality traits (特性) have their disadvantages. “People who are extremely open to new experiences can be butterflies, going from one idea to the next without mastering any of them.” However, the psychometric test is here to stay, which may be why a whole sub-industry on cheating personality tests has sprung up. “It's possible to cheat,” admits Gill, “but having to pretend to be the person you are at work will be tiring and unhappy and probably short-lived.”

    So can we change our personality? “Your basic personalities fixed by the time you're 21,”says Gill, “but it can be affected by motivation and intelligence. If you didn't have the personality type to be a doctor but desperately wanted to be one and were intelligent enough to master the skills, you could still go ahead. But trying to go too much against type for too long requires much energy and is actually to be suffered for long. I think it's why we're seeing this trend for downshifting—too many people trying to fit into a type that they aren't really suited for.”

    Our interest in personality now exists in every part of our lives. If you ask an expert for advice on anything, you'll probably be quizzed about your personality. But if personality tests have any value to us, perhaps it is to free us from the idea that all of us are full of potential, and remind us of what we are. As they say in one test when they ask for your age: pick the one you are, not the one you wish you were.

古典诗歌的现代传承

杨景龙

    综观20世纪中国新诗，从创作实践到理论批评，从语言形式、表现手法到观念题旨、艺术精神，继承了中国古典诗歌的诸多优良传统。不过，这种继承不是亦步亦趋的墨守成规的仿效，而是在横向移植的外来参照之下的现代创造性转化。

    胡适的《尝试集》作为白话新诗的发轫，其秉承古典诗歌的遗传基因即至为明显，胡适自己就承认，他的新诗“实在不过是一些刷洗过的旧诗”。胡适之后，白话诗人的创作或强或弱、或显或隐、或多或少，都无法完全逃离古典诗歌传统的一脉血缘。

    古今诗歌意象、诗句之间，像戴望舒名篇《雨巷》的中心意象“丁香”，即来自李璟《摊破浣溪沙》词句“丁香空结雨中 愁”，卞之琳就说《雨巷》“读起好像旧诗名句‘丁香空结雨中愁’的现代白话版”。余光中《碧潭》有句“如果舴艋舟再舴艋些/我的忧伤就灭顶”，活用李清照《武陵春》词句“只恐双溪舴艋舟，载不动，许多愁”。

    古今诗歌作品之间，郑愁予名篇《错误》的艺术构思，显然借鉴了苏轼《蝶恋花》下片中的无焦点冲突和戏剧化情境；舒婷名篇《船》表现的咫尺天涯的永恒阻隔，与《古诗十九首》中的《迢迢牵牛星》同出机杼。

    古今诗人之间，像郭沫若诗歌的豪情气势与李白诗歌，艾青诗歌的深沉悲郁与杜甫诗歌，戴望舒、何其芳诗歌的辞色情调与晚唐温李诗词，卞之琳诗歌的炼字琢句与南宋姜、吴雅词等；古今诗体之间，像胡适之体的浅白与元白体的浅俗，俞平伯、严阵、流沙河诗歌的语言节奏与古代词曲句式，郭小川的新辞赋体诗歌与古代辞赋歌行，白话小诗的体式与古代绝句小令等；古今诗歌流派之间，像新边塞诗的激昂豪迈、地域特色显明，与盛唐边塞诗的激情悲壮、异域风光独特等；古今诗歌主题之间，像社会政治主题，爱国主题，爱情主题，时间生命主题，历史主题，自然主题，乡愁主题等；古今诗歌形式手法之间，像构句分节押韵，意象化，比兴象征，构思立意，意境营造与氛围渲染，叙事性和戏剧化，互文与用典等；其间均有着千丝万缕的内在联系。

    开展扎实有效的古今诗歌传承研究工作，有利于古代诗歌研究者扩大视野，完善知识结构，形成关于中国诗歌史发展演变的整体观，理清20世纪新诗的诗学背景和诗艺渊源，从而对古典诗歌的现代价值和现代新诗的艺术成就，作出较为准确的评估；并以辉煌灿烂的古典诗艺为参照，剖析新诗艺术的利弊得失，提升新诗的艺术水准；促使古典诗艺的现代性转化；它还有望在中国诗学领域拓展出一片边缘交叉的新垦地，形成一个新的分支学科；而在广泛的意义上，它更有益于培养现代学人丰富的审美趣味、弘通的历史视野和对优秀的民族文化传统进行创造性转化的能力。

（选自《光明日报》，有删改）