狂风把小树吹弯了腰，把落叶吹得漫天飞舞。从力的作用效果分析，风力不仅使小树发生了____ ，还使落叶的____发生了改变。

【20世纪的战争与和平】

材料一  在中国全面抗战初期，日本一直叫嚣北进，迷惑美国。美国政府认为“也许一年之内，国民党就会被一个日本傀儡政权所取代，那时全国就会变成一个大满洲国了。”美国人民认为中国是一个抽象的概念，是个基本乱糟糟的，并不重要的外国。

1937年在日本全部进口的军事原料和物资中，美国的钢铁占到92%，汽车及零件占到91%，石油及石油产品占到60%。美国国务卿史汀生在1937年坦率指出：“日本的侵略得到了我国的大力支持。”

——摘编自张建华主编《世界现代史（1900—2000）》

材料二  1941年，在美国政府支持下，美国志愿人员组成了志愿航空队，支援中国抗日战争。同年，罗斯福签署一系列公告，宣布对日本实行部分禁运。在日本进兵印度支那南部后，美国断绝了对日石油供应，冻结日本在美资产，对日实施经济制裁达到最高峰。1941年11月，为了拖延与日本开战的时间，罗斯福政府考虑对日妥协的“临时协定草案”。美国民众和一些美国官员不赞成对日妥协，呼吁不要牺牲中国。在各方反对和中国所持坚决态度的影响下，美国政府打消了与日本达成临时妥协的念头。

 ——摘编自韩永利《中国抗日战争与美国远东政策的演变》

阅读下列材料，回答问题：

材料一：……在通往进步的大道上，却横卧着一个守旧衰老的政府。应该如何是好呢？保存政府的话，文明是绝对进不来的……如果试图阻止文明的入侵，日本国的独立也不能保证，因为世界文明的喧闹不允许一个东洋孤岛在此独睡……对此，我们日本的有识之士……依靠帝室的神圣尊严，断然推翻旧政府。福泽谕吉

材料二：臣窃闻东西各国之强，皆以立宪法开国会之故。国会者，君与民共议一国之政法也。盖自三权鼎立之说出，以国会立法，以法官司法，以政府行政，而人主总之……人主尊为神圣，不受责任，而政府代之，东西各国皆行此政体，故人君与千百万国民，合为一体，国安得不强？

----康有为《请定立宪开国会折》

材料三：维新派的目标正是我们的目标，他们的计划好倒是好，就是有些不切实际和操之过急。然而，距今大约三十年前，绝大多数局外人不也是这样评论日本的明治维新，而明治维新不是扫除了日本的旧秩序吗？不打破鸡蛋就不可能做成煎鸡蛋卷。

----《泰晤士报》主编姬乐尔致该报驻北京记者莫理循的信（1898年11月25日）

阅读材料，回答问题：

近年来，针对一些学校重学习轻健康，初中生肥胖增多和体质下降等现象，我省在中考时增加了体育测试，项目包括男生1000m、女生800m跑步，50m跑步，立定跳远、引体向上或仰卧起坐等．体育加试让更多的学生走向运动场，强健体魄，对增强学生体质有显著效果．

    Henry had been a journalist for many years. He had worked on many international newspapers and magazines and traveled all over the world.

    Henry had witnessed wars and natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and erupting volcanos(火山爆发). He had reported on serious accidents such as major fires and airline crashes. He had seen every kind of terrible crime and strange event there was. He had met and written about some of the most unusual people in the world. In fact, there wasn't much that Henry had not seen or done.

    Now he was retired from journalism. He owned a very expensive restaurant and spent his days talking to his wealthy and important customers. He liked to say that nothing surprised him.

    One day he was sitting at the bar in his restaurant when a big gorilla walked in and asked for a table. Henry showed no surprise. He took the gorilla to a table and handed him a menu. He treated him politely and pretended there was nothing at all strange about having a gorilla in his restaurant.

    The gorilla looked through the menu and ordered a salad. Henry served the gorilla his salad personally, knowing that his waiters and waitresses would be too frightened. At last the gorilla finished his salad and asked for the bill. Henry wrote out the bill and handed it to the big animal. The gorilla studied it, shook his head sadly, then gave Henry fifty dollars.

    "Thank you", Henry said, and then to make conversation he added, "We don't get many gorillas in this restaurant."

    "At fifty dollars for a salad," the gorilla said, "I'm not surprised."