题干

阅读下列材料:

材料一:利玛窦于1601年,应明万历皇帝之诏住进了北京,直至1610年在北京逝世,他在中国传教历经艰辛,前后长达28年。利玛窦在华期间,用了很大的精力潜心研读儒家经典,李贽说利玛窦“凡我国书籍无不读……请明于四书性理者解其大义,又请明于六经疏义者通其解说,今尽能言我此间之言,作此间之文字,行此间之礼仪”是一个“中极玲珑,外极朴实”的“极标致”之人。

——摘自《儒家学说对欧洲的影响》

材料二:明清之际,欧洲的耶稣会士历经千辛,沟通中西文化,把中国当时的主体文化——儒学——程朱理学,用轮船运往17-18世纪的的欧洲,在那里曾经形成过100年的中国文化热。儒家思想与意大利文艺复兴以来所形成的欧洲新思想相结合。成为欧洲近代历史发展的主导精神——启蒙思想的一个重要思想渊源。

——摘自《启蒙运动与中国儒家学说的关系》

材料三:法国启蒙运动的领袖伏尔泰是中国儒学在欧洲最有力的鼓吹者,他和他的“百科全书派”把中国儒学,作为反对神权统治下欧洲君主政治的思想武器;程朱理学——新儒学,成为德国哲学家莱布尼茨,创立古典哲学的依据,并用以反对罗马教廷的启示神学;被称为“欧洲孔子”的魁奈,以儒学为依据,开创了近代欧洲政治经济学的新纪元,为英国古典政治经济学的形成与发展,奠定了理论基础。

——摘自《儒家学说在欧洲的传播及影响》

材料四:近百年来,中国人、东方人都公认,现代民主就是西方的民主,它起源于欧洲。学习、借鉴,乃至全盘照搬西方的民主,也就成为许多近现代中国人的思想热点。近百年来,无论东方人、还是西方人都认为,中国的传统文化是实现社会现代化的一种文化上的障碍、精神上的阻力。然而,在半个世纪以前就有西方人指出,以儒学为代表的中国传统文化,曾经是17一18世纪欧洲资本主义社会,形成和发展的一种精神动力;半个世纪之后的今天,东亚的一些国家和地区,尤其是中国近20年的飞速发展的历史,向世人显示了中国的传统文化、东方文明,不是实现社会现代化的一种精神阻力,而是一种巨大的精神动源。

——摘自《儒学与世界》

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    Cara Jumper loves the giant saltwater pond on her grandparents Swansea, South Carolina, property(房产). One January afternoon, her grandfather Coy Jumper piled ten-year-old Cara and her sister, Claire, six, and Emma, five, into his Pontiac Sunfire and took them down to the pond. He and the girls walked happily through the pines, checking traps. No luck---they were empty.

    As the sun disappeared gradually toward the horizon, the group turned back to head home. But as Coy walked along the bank, he was suddenly unable to put one foot in front of the other. Then Cara saw Coy walk unsteadily and fall backward into the pond's deep water.

    When her grandfather didn't surface immediately, Cara jumped in. With one hand, Cara grabbed the bank. With the other, she reached for her grandfather, making contact in the dark water.

    Coy had suffered a stroke(中风) the year before. Now Cara wondered if he'd had one again. Just 80 pounds to her grandfather's 230, she held his head and pulled his face out of the water. That woke him, but he was still dead weight. She managed to move Coy towards the three-foot bank and pulled him up onto solid ground.

    The winter sun had almost disappeared, and they were all trembling. Cara knew she'd have to get Coy to the car, a quarter mile away. She helped him to his feet. Coy slowly moved forward.

    Sixty feet from the car, Coy fell. From there, he crawled, dragging himself under a gate, to the car. His granddaughters helped him into the passenger's side, and Cara got into the driver's seat.

    “I used to sit on my dad's lap and drive,” she says now. Coy, too, she says, had let the fifth grader drive through the fields around the house. Still, she felt nervous, but she pushed on the gas and steered(驾驶) them the three miles home. “I was trying to get there fast, but I didn't want to get us hurt,” Cara says. When she pulled the Sunfire into the garage, her grandmother, Esca was there to meet them.

    Coy spent six days in the hospital recovering from a stroke. Says Esca, “If Cara hadn't helped, she might not have a grandpa anymore.”