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    According to body language expert Robert Phipps, the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have. Phipps has identified four sleeping positions that affect personality.

    Phipps found that worriers, those who stress the most, tend to sleep in the fetal (胎儿的) position. He found that this is the most common bedtime position, with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down. The more we curl up (蜷曲), the more comfort we are seeking, according to Phipps.

    The second most common position is the log. Sleeping with a straight body, with arms at each side, as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace, indicates stubbornness, and these people (the 28 percent who sleep this way) often wake up stiffer than when they went to sleep.

    “The longer you sleep like this, the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible, which means you make things harder for yourself,” according to Phipps.

    Yearner (向往) sleepers are next on the list. About 25 percent of people sleep in this style—on their side with arms stretched out in front, looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves. Yearners are typically their own worst critics, always expecting the best results, explained Phipps. These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.

    Perhaps the most peculiar (奇怪的) of sleep styles is the freefaller position. This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population. They sleep face down with arms stretched out. These people, according to Phipps, feel like they have little control over their life. Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles, but also the least comfortable, and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy.

    Inconclusion, Phipps has only one more thing to add: “A good night's sleep set you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.”

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“鸡汤”与“反鸡汤”

长余

       ①“当你觉得自己又丑又穷一无是处时,别绝望,因为至少你的判断还是对的。”“很多时候你不逼自己一把,你就不知道自己还有能把事情搞砸的本事。”与在朋友圈上泛滥的心灵鸡汤相比,这些专门调侃“鸡汤”的“反鸡汤”段子如今在网上越来越流行,它们常常以犀利的言辞,劈头浇人一瓢冷水,让不少人大呼“中枪”。

       ②“鸡汤”与“反鸡汤”,如今在网络上逐渐成为一种现象。有的人在朋友圈里乐此不疲地转发各式各样的鸡汤,有的人则对这些嗤之以鼻,更有人专门对心灵鸡汤进行调侃、解构、证伪,成为坚定的“反鸡汤党”。

       ③仔细观察“反鸡汤”对“鸡汤”的“反动”,可以发现一个有趣的现象:双方最喜欢在如何面对自身失败的问题上“较劲”:当你“又丑又穷”时,鸡汤劝你只要努力就能“迎娶白富美”,反鸡汤则告诉你休想做白日梦;当你没有把握时,鸡汤鼓励你“你是最棒的”,反鸡汤则会说“先掂量掂量自己吧”——“鸡汤”喜欢进行心理按摩,要你相信自己能够成功,“反鸡汤”则喜欢给你当头一棒,要你认清现实。

       ④人人都害怕失败,这是人的天性。每个人也都对失败的程度、次数有一个阈值,超过这个阈值,人会变得沮丧和失望,进而趋向于放弃。美国心理学家塞利格曼曾提出一个“习得性无助”的概念,他用狗作了一项实验:起初把狗关在笼子里,只要铃声一响,就对它进行电击,狗关在笼子里逃避不了电击,多次实验后,铃声一响,还没进行电击,狗就伏倒在地开始呻吟和颤抖,即使把笼门打开,狗也不会逃走了。本来可以主动地逃离,却绝望地等待痛苦的来临——这就是“习得性无助”。心理学证明,人在长期面对失败时,也常常会“习得性无助”,而这时,人们最需要的其实不是面对失败“如何解决”,而是“如何相信自己可以解决”,这也正是心灵鸡汤大有市场的原因。

       ⑤其实,人人都有需要“鸡汤”的时候,大多数人在人生的某个阶段,都曾被某种温暖的“鸡汤”触动、激励过。在最虚弱的时候,喝一口“鸡汤”补一补,确实有“强身健体”的效果。只不过,当我们喝下这些咕嘟咕嘟冒着热气的心灵鸡汤时,也不应忘却现实处境,找到解决方法,正如有网友所说:心灵鸡汤并不可怕,可怕的是有人喝了一万碗鸡汤后,却还在为每天早点起床天人交战。

       ⑥所以,“鸡汤”虽好,可不要贪杯哦。如果欲罢不能,还请再干一碗“反鸡汤”

                                                                                                                                                                  (选自《人民日报》2016年10月11日)