A new “smart bin” could spell the end of environment - conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling. The invention, which automatically sorts rubbish into recycling categories, is being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in the UK within a few years.

    The bin, designed by start - up company Bin. E, recognizes different types of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recognition and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensors identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it compresses (压缩) the waste so it occupies less space.

    News of the launch showed that more than a million households are being forced to accept bin collections every three or four weeks, because councils are trying to force them to recycle more. Data collected by The Telegraph has showed at least 18 areas have moved or will shortly be moving to three - weekly rubbish collections, while a further three have adopted or are trialing four - weekly collections. While reducing general bin collections, councils are increasing the frequency of recycling collections in a bid to change people's behaviour. It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it is introducing new hi - tech recycling bins to satisfy increasing customer appetite for them. Matt Thomas, a utility (家用设施) seller at John Lewis, said, “We've recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are becoming more and more sustainability focused, choosing dual compartment (双格) recycling bins that make it far easier to recycle different types of waste. In response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a new voice and sensor activated smart bin this autumn / winter season — designed to use new technology to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home.”

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用大脑控制电脑

      当计算机和网络技术发展到一定阶段，科学家们就希望人脑和计算机更紧密地联接起来，为人类更好地服务。在这种情况下，脑机接口技术诞生了。它的诞生就像人工智能、基因科技和外太空旅行探索等一样，成为全球科技产业发展的趋势以及最值得期待的前沿创新项目，成为了科学家下一步的研究对象。

      听起来脑机接口技术这个名字很陌生，实际上从字面上看很好理解，就是一种将脑和机器设备连在一起的技术。“脑”是指有机生命形式的脑，“机”是指任何处理或计算的设备，其形式可以从简单电路到硅芯片。具体来说，脑机接口技术是人脑与计算机或其他电子设备之间建立的直接交流和控制的通道。利用这个通道，人就可以直接通过脑来表达想法或操作其他设备，而不需要通过语言或肢体的动作，这是一种全新的通信和控制方式。

      脑机接口有有创和无创两种形式，有创形式即在大脑中植入脑活动捕捉器，无创即在大脑外部设置捕捉器。目前，脑机接口技术面临两个技术难题。第一个难题是通过什么样的方式从人的大脑中获得信息，并对信息进行有效解读；第二个难题是如何把设备植入大脑，并且保证这个设备能够在使用者几十年生活中正常运转。要突破这两个难题，研究界还需要花上很多年时间。科学家研究的目标，是使未来脑机接口技术成为人脑的一部分，就像是计算机的内存一样，可以随时调出来，为人所用。

      脑机接口的研究是近年来康复医学研究的一个热点。在这一技术的帮助下，未来有一天，坐在轮椅上的人可以通过脑机接口技术做更多事情。一些科学家采用脑机接口技术推出了一系列的医疗设备。比如丰田公司的智能轮椅，它可以仅凭人的思维驾驭。轮椅上安装有一个小桌板，上面可以放置笔记本电脑，坐轮椅的人戴上一个电极帽，脑电图感应装置把大脑发出的信号传输给笔记本电脑，后者又将它们变成轮椅操作指令。用思维操作的轮椅已经不是什么新鲜玩意，但丰田公司的轮椅大大缩短了发出指令和执行指令之间的时间。过去这个过程需要好几秒钟，现在只需要千分之一秒。

      从现在脑机接口的研究来看，用脑机接口技术来“窥测”人的内心活动也是有可能的。科学家们基于人们在重复思考时大脑会重复放电的认识，已经找到一种方法来“重塑梦境”，甚至可以在人们观看图象时实时地将他们观看的图象“重塑”出来。这一技术有潜在的应用，例如，能够用于获知自闭症孩子在看到面孔时如何反应，了解这些孩子的思想活动。在更广泛的应用层面，“窥探”人的思想也许能够帮助揭示陷入重度昏迷的病人正在“想”什么，揭示老年痴呆症患者的大脑活动。