题干

近代以来,莘莘学子求新知于世界,学成归来,报效祖国。阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一:从1872年到1875年,大清王朝先后派出120名官费留学生,踏上美国的土地。

——钱钢、胡劲草《大清留美幼童记》

材料二:孙中山先生是中国人民向西方寻求救国救民真理的杰出代表之一。他把学习西方资产阶级民主革命的理论与解决中国遭爱帝国主义、封建主义侵略压迫的实际结合起来,创立了新的学说。

——王介南《近代中外文化交流史》

    材料三:见下图。

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    Many hundreds of years ago, the moon was a mystery to people on the earth. What was that glowing ball came out at night? Why did it keep getting smaller, then larger? Why didn't it fall from the sky? Through the ages, people have tried to come up with answers.

    To the native people of Bolivia, in South American, the moon was a great chief who once lived on the earth. The Abaluyian people of Kenya, in Africa, believe the moon and the sun were brothers who fought in the sky. In other parts of the world, people believed they saw different pictures in the moon. The Haida Indians of Canada saw a woman carrying a bucket. The Chinese saw a road.

    People in the past also used the moon to mark time as a kind of calendar. In fact, in some languages, the word for moon meant “month”. A Native American nation called the Sioux made a calendar of 13 moons, or months. Each moon had a name, such as Moon of Black Cherries, Moon of Green Corn, and Moon of Severe Cold.

    Though people of the past found the moon was helpful, mysterious and interesting, they didn't know much about it. They only knew what they could see with their own eyes.

    Then almost 400 years age, an Italian scientist named Galileo made a new telescope(望远镜) that was more powerful than any telescope made before. Galileo decided to take his new implement to look at the moon. He discovered that the moon was not the smooth, shiny ball. The brighter places were mostly hills and mountains. The flat areas were lower, which is why they appeared darker.

    As more people saw the moon through telescopes, they discovered more about it. Yet, people still had much to learn about the moon.