题干

阅读下列材料:

材料一  “因为南北美洲,尤其是甘蔗种植园,迫切需要劳力。由于奴隶市场几乎不受任何限制,其他几个国家也都卷入了这一贸易,以便分享利润。……欧洲人对这些骇人听闻的暴行置若罔闻,继续买卖非洲人达四个世纪之久。” 

                                                                                                                                              ——斯塔夫里阿诺斯著《全球通史》

材料二  “一位在奴隶贸易后期进入非洲内地的殖民者的记述:非洲到处在流血……过去住着人的村落现在变成一片废墟……那些修建村落、耕种田地的人们到哪里去了呢?他们被捉去当奴隶,或者在捕捉奴隶者到来时逃走了。那些侥幸逃走的人们,不得不从生机盎然的农业区,迁居人迹罕至,野兽出没的深山老林,重过刀耕火种的原始生活。”   

                                                                                                                                               ——艾周昌等《早期殖民主义侵略史》

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       A woman was walking her dog along a beach in New Zealand in late June when she saw something that looked like a white ball in the sand. It turned out to be a young Emperor penguin that was lost. At his age, he should have been close to Antarctic, swimming for fish and playing on the ice floes (浮冰). But this penguin started swimming north and just kept going.

       The penguin attracted a lot of attention in New Zealand. It has been 40 years since an Emperor penguin was last seen there. Researchers at the Department of Conservation were called in. They decided to watch the penguin closely, but not to disturb it in any way. Many New Zealanders came to Peka Peka Beach to look at the elegant penguin. They were careful to keep their dogs away from it so it wouldn't be frightened.

       The public nicknamed the animal Happy Feet. Researchers started to notice that Happy Feet didn't seem well. It turned out that he had been eating the sand from the beach, likely thinking it was snow.

       The public raised more than 11,000 pounds for an operation to get the sand out of his stomach. The operation was a success, and Happy Feet was taken to a zoo in Wellington, NZ. A group of experts met to decide how to help Happy Feet return to the wild.

        Last Sunday, they put him on a boat called the Tangaroa, in a specially built ice­filled box and took him out into the Southern Ocean, southeast of New Zealand. There, they released him into the ocean, which is his natural habitat. He took one last look at his human helpers and then dived into the ocean.

      “Emperor penguins spend their first five years at sea,” said Peter Simpson of New Zealand's Department of Conservation. “What happens now is up to the penguin.”

         Happy Feet was fitted with a satellite transmitter (信号发射器) so they can monitor his progress using the Internet. So far, the trackers shows that he swam northeast for a little while before getting his bearings and heading south.