如图是某流域水量收支平衡示意图（单位：亿吨）．读图，回答下题．

阅读理解

A

     Here are some English study skills for beginners.

★Listening

     Listening is a great way to improve your pronunciation and intonation (语调). You can start by listening to short stories for children because they are usually easy.

★Reading

     Reading is a good way to help you learn new words. And it will also help you learn English grammar. Children’s books are great for beginners.

★Vocabulary

     When you come across new words in the reading, write them down in your notebook. You can write down the translation in your native language to help you understand.

★Speaking

     While doing your reading exercises, read them aloud. You can also look for some articles (文章) on the Internet to read.

      Learning any language needs practice — lots of practice. You don’t have to spend hours studying each day; just 30 minutes a day for four or five days a week will help you improve it.

纵观中国历史，历朝历代中央政府都采取措施加强对地方的管理。阅读材料，结合所学知识，回答下列问题。

材料一：罢兵西归……封诸侯，班赐宗彝……于是封功臣谋士，而师尚父为首封，封尚父于营丘，曰齐。

材料二：齐人淳于越进谏曰：“臣闻之，殷周之王千余岁，封子弟功臣自为支辅。今陛下有海内，而子弟为匹夫，卒有田常、六卿之患，臣无辅弼，何以相救哉？事不师古而能长久者，非所闻也。今青臣等又面谀以重陛下过，非忠臣也。”

廷尉李斯议曰：“周文武所封子弟同姓甚众，然后属疏远，相攻击如仇雠，诸侯更相诛伐，周天子弗能禁止。今海内赖陛下神灵一统，皆为郡县，诸子功臣以公赋税重赏赐之，甚足易制。天下无异意，则安宁之术也。置诸侯不便。”