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    Marjorie grew up with a sense of worthlessness. Again and again her father said she would never accomplish anything in life. He told her she was a loser and that anything she did was sure to end in failure. With these words constantly ringing in her ears she grew up looking for someone who would love her and see her as a person of worth. This led her into relationships that disappointed her, ending in pain yet, which was another proof that she was worthless and unlovable. Where does our sense of self-worth come from?

    It is true that the foundation for a person's self-worth is laid in the home. Words that we hear in our home can build or tear down our worth. Encouraging words are words of life to us while words of criticism are words of death. Other people like teachers, friends and employers add to the collection of life-giving death words in a person's heart. Over time a person begins to see themselves in the light of these words. In this situation can one develop a sense of worth?

    Feeling worthless is possibly the most obvious symptom of low self-esteem(自尊心). But it's easy to overcome. However tough your childhood is, you can still choose to enrich the world every day simply by the way you interact with others and make caring decisions. Whether we contribute anything or not is a choice. Feeling worthless means that you're not doing as well in the areas that matter to you and therefore you need to try to increase your self-esteem. To feel worthwhile, you'll have to really work at it and never give up on yourself.

    All human beings are capable of adding value to society, including you. Thus there are no excuses for saying things like “I'm worthless, stupid, useless” because you have the choice not to be any of these things.

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为什么蜂蜜能千年不腐?

       ①2014年,考古学家在格鲁吉亚发现了一个青铜器时代早期的坟墓,出土文物中,最特别的是一罐野果子竟然保存完好,当研究人员将这些至少有4000年历史的野果子切开时,果子还散发出了新鲜水果的香气。这些果子为什么能保存如此完好呢?答案就在于它们保存在蜂蜜中。蜂蜜非常特别,因为它是考古学家发现的唯一过了几千年仍然可直接食用的食物。

       ②尔食物的变质通常与微生物有关,细菌分解食物中的多糖、蛋白质,然后产生一些低分子的物质如氨、硫化氢、酮等,使食品变质。蜂蜜是一种饱和的高渗高糖溶液。细菌和其他生物身体体液是低渗的,在高渗透压的蜂蜜中,微生物会被吸走细胞体内的水分,最后脱水而死。

③同时,蜂蜜也非常酸。大多数病原菌生长繁殖的适宜pH值在7.2~7.4之间,而蜂蜜的pH值大约介于3~4.5之间,蜂蜜这种酸度将杀死任何想要在蜂蜜内部生长的细菌。

       ④此外,蜂蜜的酿造者——蜜蜂,它有着特殊的“炼金术”。

       ⑤在蜜蜂酿蜜前,需要采集植物蜜腺的花蜜,花蜜的主要成分为蔗糖与水,水分非常多,大概占到60%~80%。但是通过酿蜜,蜜蜂可以去除花蜜大部分的水分。当采集蜂采蜜时,会将花蜜一滴滴吸入囊中,然后返回蜂巢,吐给内勤蜂继续加工。内勤蜂在加工中,先把蜜汁吸到自己的胃里和转化酶进行混合,然后再吐出去,再吸进来,如此轮番吞吞吐吐要进行100多次,同时其他蜜蜂还会用翅膀不断扇风,排出巢内湿气。这也就使得蜂蜜的水分非常少。

       ⑥另一方面,蜜蜂胃中有一种叫做葡萄糖氧化酶的酶,当蜜蜂从嘴里反刍花蜜到蜂巢酿蜜,这种酶会和花蜜发生化学反应,把花蜜分解成两个副产品:葡萄糖酸和过氧化氢。过氧化氢,是一种氢的氧化物,可能听起来有点陌生,但说到它的水溶液——双氧水,可能大家都会非常熟悉。过氧化氢有很强的氧化性,且具弱酸性,这种化学物质可以杀死可能在蜂蜜里生长的所有细菌。21教育名师原创作品

       ⑦在古代,人们就发现蜂蜜是细菌“绝缘体”,有防止伤口感染等治疗功效。闪米特人的粘土板最早记录了蜂蜜的医疗用途,上面详细记载了蜂蜜是如何治疗烫伤和割伤的。古埃及人还经常使用药用蜂蜜,制成药膏治疗皮肤和眼睛疾病。而在中国,迄今蜜丸仍然是制药业最常用的制剂之一。现在,世界各地的医院还在使用一种涂满了蜂蜜的绷带,用于防止病人伤口感染

       ⑧当然了,虽然蜂蜜堪称是不朽的食物,但如果没有密封好,在潮湿的环境下还是会变质的,而如果密封良好,蜂蜜真能做到永不变质。

(选自《大科技》2017年第4期,有删改)