题干

民族主义是孙中山三民主义思想的重要组成部分。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一    今之满洲,本塞外东胡。昔在明朝,屡为边患。后乘中国多事,长驱入关,灭我中国,据我政府,迫我汉人为其奴隶,有不从者,杀戮一方。我汉人为亡国之民者二百六十年于斯。满政府穷凶极恶,今已灌盈。义师所指,覆彼政府,还我主权。其满洲汉军人等,如悔悟来降者,免其罪;敢有抵抗,杀无赦;汉人有为满奴以作汉奸者,亦如之。……驱除鞑虏之后,光复我民族的国家。

——《中国同盟会革命方略》(l906年)

材料二    夫汉族光复,满清倾覆,不过只达到民族主义之一消极目的而已,从此当努力猛进,以迭民族主义之积极目的也。积极目的为何?即汉族当牺牲其血统、历史与自尊自大之名称,而与满、蒙、回、藏之人民相见于诚,合为一炉而冶之,以成一中华民族之新定义。

——孙中山《论三民主义》(l919年)

材料三    中国形式上是独立国家,实际比亡了国的高丽还不如…… 似此,民族主义能认为满足成功否?所以,国民不特要从民权、民生上作工夫,同时并应该发展民族自决的能力,团结起来奋斗,使中国在世界上成为一独立国家。

——孙中山(1923年)

我等同在弱小民族之中,我等当共同奋斗,反抗帝国主义国家之掠夺与压迫。

——孙中山《关于建立反帝联合战线宣言》(1924年)

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    There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.

    I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.

    It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back.

    From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.

    The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.

    I looked forward to the return journey.