甲文：侍中侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆忠良，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。

    将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。

    乙文：高祖①曰：“吾所以有天下者何？项氏之所以失天下者何？”高起②等对曰：“陛下使人攻城略③地，所降④下者因以予之，与天下⑤同利也。项羽妒贤嫉能，战胜而不予人功，得地而不予人利，此所以失天下也。”高祖曰：“运筹帷帐之中，决胜千里之外，吾不如子房⑥；镇国家，抚百姓，给馈饷，不绝粮道，吾不如萧何；连⑦百万之军，战必胜，攻必取，吾不如韩信。此三者，人杰也，吾能用之，此吾所以取天下了。项羽有一范增而不能用，此其所以为我擒也。”

（《史记·高祖本纪》节选，有删改）

【注释】①高祖：指汉高祖刘邦。②高起：高祖臣子。③略：攻占。④降：投降。⑤天下：这里指刘邦的部属。⑥子房：西汉名将张良。⑦连：率领。

    A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.

    Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

    Alex Goldberg, the program's founder, said; "We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.

    "We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth. For example, we've secured internships (实习) with world-famous firms such as Honda.

    "At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring, it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures. " Kieran Hepburn, 14, is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far. In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) International Youth Forum (论坛).

    The event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look. Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event. Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience. " Before we left I didn't quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn't stop, it was amazing," he said, " We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon. "

    The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life. It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment.

    Kieran said: " It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August. "

    The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury. For details visit www.younginspirations.com.

1926年，北伐开始，讨伐对象主要是吴佩孚、孙传芳和张作霖。最后1927年这三支军阀势力都被成功消灭。（   ）