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    While music has value all by itself, researchers have long noticed that musicians also tend to be better at learning languages and show other improved reading and math abilities. Now a new study from the University of Washington by Christina Zhao shows that rhythm is an important bridge between music and speech as early as nine months of age.

    Researchers randomly placed babies into two groups of 20 each, and each group played at the lab with their parents for a dozen 15-minute sessions over a month.

    In one group, researchers played recordings of songs with a waltz rhythm and showed the parents how to help their babies tap out that 1-2-3 beat in time with the music on boy drums or with their feet. In the other group, children played with typical toys and no music.

    The babies in the music group were better able to detect random mistakes in that rhythm when they heard it within two weeks of the last session. They also showed a stronger brain response to disruptions in the rhythm. For example, researchers would sometimes alter the timing of syllables(音节) by slightly shortening the middle sound of a word like bibbi to make it bibi—and the babies with music training were more likely to notice it.

    In other words, music training not only improved the babies' ability to notice when a musical rhythm skipped a beat, but also improved their ability to notice when the rhythms of speech changed unexpectedly, an important skill for learning to talk.

    The study reflects Zhao's personal experiences as a pianist who music in college, and as someone who speaks both Mandarin and English. She noticed that a lot of her fellow musicians were also good at learning other languages. “That really got me wondering how these two are related, “Zhao said.

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                                                                                                                  年轻人更需要反省
  ①法国牧师纳德?兰塞姆去世后,安葬在圣保罗大教堂,墓碑上工工整整地刻着他的手迹:“假如时光可以倒流,世界上将有一半的人可以成为伟人。”一位智者在解读兰塞姆手迹时说:“如果每个人都能把反省提前几十年,便有50%的人可能让自己成为一名了不起的人。”他们的话,道出了反省之于人生的意义。
  ②在一些人的意识里,反省,似乎只是老年人的事情。其实反省对于任何年龄的人都是必要的,而年轻人更要善于反省:走过的路短,很容易出现失误和差错;后面的路长,反省就更有必要、更有价值。
    ③反省首先是对自身所作所为进行的思索和总结。反省不理智之思、不和谐之音、不练达之举、不完美之事,往往能够得到真切、深入而细致的收获。曾子曰:“吾日三省吾身。”反省不但要勇于面对自己、正视自己,并且要及时进行、反复进行。疏忽了、怠惰了,就有可能放过一些本该及时反省的事情,进而导致自己犯错。
    ④反省也是对别人的经验教训的思考和总结。个人的经验教训虽然来得更直接更真切,但其广度和深度毕竟是有限的。要获得更加广博而深刻的经验,还要在反省自身的基础上,善于从别人的经验教训中学习。成本最低的财富是把别人的教训当作自己的教训。倘若青年人不但能反省自己,还能反思别人,善于从他人的经验教训中得到启示,就可能取得同样的成功、避免同样的失误。
  ⑤反省,主要是对挫折和失败的思考和总结。邓小平同志指出:“过去的成功是我们的财富,过去的错误也是我们的财富。” 正确的东西会使你变得更加聪慧,错误的东西会使你变得更加清醒。成功的经验大多相似,失败的原因却千差万别,从失败的教训中学到的东西,往往要比从成功的经验中学到的多,而且更为深刻。
     ⑥反省要取得成效,关键在于要善于将反省后认识付诸实践。记得从学校毕业的时候,恩师给我的寄语是:“望你孜孜以求,绘就人生‘前有碧绿、后有金黄’的美好画卷。”现在看来,要使自己“碧绿的青春”得到“金黄的收获”,很重要的一点就是辛勤耕耘、善于反省,并将反省的思考付诸新的耕耘,这样才有可能使过去的失误变成今后的成功,使过去的成功变为今后更大的成功,真正品尝到金秋的琼浆玉液,享受到大地赐予的丰收喜悦。
  ⑦青年是早晨八九点钟的太阳。在任何一个时代,青年都是社会上最富有朝气、最富有创造性、最富有生命力的群体。经验证明,进步较快的青年人,必定是善于反省的人,反省能使人走向成熟,变得深邃,臻于完善。我们希望年轻人善于从自己和他人的经验教训中学习,克服自身经验和履历的局限,进而从更广阔、更深厚的大地上汲取思想和经验的营养,使自己更好更快地成长起来。
                                                                                                                                   (选自2007年5月9日《人民日报》,有删改)