The wedding tradition of “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue” has been around for hundreds of years. The tradition of carrying or wearing one of each item is said to bring luck and fortune to the newly married couple. Have you ever stopped to think what the saying really means? What is its origin and what does each item represent?

    The original saying dates back to the Victoria times and states, “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue and a silver sixpence in your shoe.”

    Something old   A bride may wear or carry something old to represent her continued ties to her family and her old life. Many brides wear a piece of family jewelry as their old item. Some brides wear the wedding dress worn by their mother or grandmother. In many cases, something old may also be something borrowed.

    Something new   Wearing something new is supposed to represent success and hope in the bride's new life and in her marriage. If the bride purchased her wedding dress new, it may represent her new item, but any item that is new may be used. Something “new” is usually the easiest kind to fill.

    Something borrowed   The borrowed item should be something borrowed from a friend that is happily married. It is said that their happiness will rub off on you and bring lasting happiness to your marriage. Some brides borrow an item of clothing, a piece of jewelry, a handkerchief or perhaps a beaded(带珠子的) purse.

    Something blue Wearing something blue dates back to ancient times when a blue wedding dress was worn to represent purity, fidelity and love.

    Silver sixpence   Placing a silver sixpence in the bride's left shoe is said to be a symbol of wealth. This not only refers to financial wealth, but also a wealth of happiness and joy throughout her married life. Since most brides probably don't even know what a sixpence is, this part of the tradition is not used very often in modern times. However, if a bride would like to include it in her wedding, she can purchase a silver sixpence from many companies that sell bridal supplies such as garters(袜带) and invitations.

阅读下面的文字，完成文后各题。

鞋匠

李培俊

    鞋匠把钱递给我的时候，我认真看了他一眼。这是一张已经不再年轻的脸，上面的褶子一条摞着一条，写满了岁月的沧桑和生活的艰辛。握钱的手，被柔韧的细绳勒出一道道嫩红的沟壑。

    他说：“请给我一朵玫瑰。”

    鞋匠的摊子摆在我们花店的窗下，坐北朝南，一年四季，鞋匠那张憨厚的、黝黑的方脸沐浴在灿烂的阳光里。在阳光里乒乒乓乓钉掌，在阳光里嗤嗤拉拉绱鞋^①。没活的时候，鞋匠会舒服地伸个懒腰，点上一支烟，望着天边某处，不知想些什么。有时，那烟味会丝丝缕缕飘进花店，暖暖的，有些辛辣，有些刺鼻。那烟，显然是两元一包的低档货。

    鞋匠的生意不错，摊子常常被围得水泄不通。大家奔他而来的原因，当然是鞋匠为人活泛，活儿做得地道。鞋匠在花店窗下摆摊好几年了，没见和谁红过脸、生过口角。顾客付钱时，鞋匠满脸微笑，从马扎上欠欠身子，重重点点头。顿时，那张脸便显得生动起来。他说，“谢谢，您慢走，再来啊。”

    鞋匠第一次来买花，很拘谨，站在收银台前，他狠劲搓手，粗糙的双掌磨擦出一串沙啦沙啦的响声。我问：“有事吗？”鞋匠羞涩地点点头说：“我买一朵玫瑰。”

    买玫瑰？我以为听错了，又问一声，“你要玫瑰？”他重重地点点头，说，“是的，我要一朵玫瑰。”说着，把钱递了过来。钱是一元一元的零票，折褶里带有微微的酸味。

    我从新进的玫瑰花中选出一朵最大最艳的，用绢纸包上花枝，递给他。他双手捧着走出花店，快步跨过马路，消失在对面的小巷里。

    我没问过这花买给谁，为什么每月要买一朵？他靠手艺吃饭，日子过得紧巴巴，为什么要把汗水里捞出来的钱送进花店，换回一朵不能吃不能喝的玫瑰呢？也许鞋匠有一位他十分疼爱的妻子，每月为爱妻送上一朵鲜花；也许他的妻子有什么疾患，卧病在床，她的床头需要一朵鲜花陪伴；也许他的妻子已经去世，他把玫瑰供在妻子遗像前，以示怀念……不管是哪种情况，鞋匠都是值得敬重的男人。

    每次进货，我都要精心为他挑选一朵鲜艳的、最大的玫瑰为他留着，等着鞋匠来取。

    情人节成了年轻人不可或缺的庆典。这天，少男少女们疯了一样涌向花店，你来我往。尽管我有所准备，进货量高于平时三倍，玫瑰仍然供不应求。下午五时，最后一朵玫瑰卖出，我吁了口气，准备清点当天不菲的收入。这时，一对恋人急如星火走进花店，男子问，“有玫瑰花吗？”我说，“对不起，你们来晚了，玫瑰刚刚卖完。”女子眼尖，发现了那朵留给鞋匠的玫瑰，兴奋得大叫起来：“瞧，还有一朵！”她央求我说，“大姐，卖给我们吧。”我说，“抱歉，那花是别人预订的，过会儿要来取。”女子十分失望，两眼噙满泪水，说，“这是我俩过的头一个情人节，全市花店跑遍了，只剩下你这朵玫瑰了，你忍心让我们过个没有玫瑰的节日吗？”男子也说，“要不，我出双倍的价钱。”

    我还是摇了摇头，说，“做生意要言而有信，你愿意让我做个失信的人吗？”

    女子脸色变得越发难看，埋怨男子说，“都怨你，都怨你，我说早些来，你偏不听，现在可好……”男子脸上讪讪的，嗫嗫嚅嚅地说，“明年，明年我送你一大抱玫瑰。”

    鞋匠早进来了，他把钱递给我，我把玫瑰交给了鞋匠。鞋匠脸上绽开一抹笑意，把玫瑰举到鼻子下，深深地嗅闻一阵，然后心满意足地走了。

    这次鞋匠没有跨过马路，也没有走进那条小巷，他微笑着，把玫瑰花交给小伙子，说，“还不快点送给姑娘。”天降之喜把小伙子弄懵了，接过玫瑰，朝鞋匠深深地鞠了三躬，连声说，“谢谢大爷，谢谢大爷！”

    这对情侣走时，鞋匠在他们身后喊了一声，“祝你们幸福啊！”那喊声很快淹没在寒风中，不知道小情侣听没听到。

（选自《小说选刊》2016年第2期，有改动）

注：①绱鞋：把鞋帮和鞋底缝在一起。

单细胞生物草履虫的结构中，细菌和微小的浮游植物等食物由____ 进入体内；用____ 呼吸，在____ 内进行消化吸收营养．