题干

专制主义中央集权制度在中国历史上存在了两千多年,在中国较长时间里产生了深远影响。阅读下列材料回答问题。

材料一:中国封建君主专制中央集权制度的建立与演变简表

阶段

演变

萌芽于战国

理论:韩非子中央集权的理论

建立于秦朝


巩固于西汉

实行刺史制度;颁布“推恩令”,解决王国问题;罢黜百家独尊儒术

完善于隋唐


加强于北宋

设中书门下,参知政事、枢密使、三司使,派文臣做知州,建立禁军,设通判等

新发展于元朝

设中书省、枢密院、御史台,设宣政院,实行行省制度

空前强化于明清


衰败于晚清

国门洞开,主权、领土沦丧,鸦片战争后,新的经济成分出现。

根据材料一结合所学知识,列出表中空缺部分的具体内容。并说明君主专制中央集权制度发展的主要趋势。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

秦朝:确立皇帝制度、三公九卿制、郡县制(颁布《秦律》焚书坑儒)

隋唐:实行三省六部制,创立和完善科举制

明清:废丞相权分六部,地方设三司;设立军机处,(八股取士)

主要趋势:皇帝的权力越来越大,丞相的权力越来越小;中央的权力越来越大地方的权力越来越小。

同类题2

阅读理解American Country Music
    Over the past twenty years, American country music has become more and more popular. Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA—money, success or expensive things to buy. Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on.
    In the 1950s, American music was about other things, for example, love—getting or losing a boyfriend or girlfriend. Money was also thought to be important.
    Then in the 1960s, song writers turned to other subjects. During these years many young students were angry with society, so songs were often full of anger. Political leaders were not well thought of and those songs often made fun of them.
    Today country music has returned. It has become big business and brings in between 200 and 400 million dollars a year. Once, the home of American country music was Nashville, Tennessee. Now, however, the music has reached all parts of the States, from Los Angeles in the west to New York in the east. Singers do not just come from the States but from all over the world.  There are many famous singers from Britain, Canada and Australia. A lot of them appear on television too.
    The first country singers sang while playing the guitar. It was easy for them to carry a guitar on their travels. Now, however, a lot of electrical equipment is needed for large theatres.
    Country music today remains much the same as before. One subject to which country music often returns is “the good old days”. In “the good old days” people thought well of each other. People loved life in the open air. They believed that the best things in life were free: sunshine, laughing, walks in the beauty of the country, friends and music.