题干

材料一  诸葛亮之为相车也,抚百姓,示仪轨,约官职,从权制,开诚心,布公道;尽忠益时者虽仇必赏,犯法怠慢者虽亲必罚,服罪输情者虽重必释,游辞巧饰者虽轻戮;善无微而不赏,恶无纤而不贬;……可谓识治之良才,管.萧之亚匹矣。——摘自陈寿《三国志.诸葛亮传》

    材料二  古往今来,人们却津津乐道于诸葛亮未出草庐已三分天下的史话,殊不知,“三分天下”的实质就是分裂。诸葛亮“联吴抗曹”,亲自导演的赤壁大战最终烧出了三国鼎立的分裂局面,但蜀汉在与曹魏长期的对抗中,无论是政治.经济.文化还是综合国力都显得力不从心。诸葛亮为执行以分裂为宗旨的三国鼎立,在蜀汉实行的是?全民皆兵?的战争经济政策,对蜀汉百姓进行了残酷的压榨,特别是对少数民族的剥削更是空前残酷,这一切最终使得蜀汉经济崩溃,人口锐减不足原来的十分之一,并导致了蜀汉仅有42年的短命历史。

——摘自范文琼《重评诸葛亮的历史功过》

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    Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one's need but by the date on one's birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.

    People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent(有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren't.

    It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.

    Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involve a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point. Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job — thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.

    Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don't need them.

    It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can't take care of themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against — discrimination by age.

Outline

Details

Introduction

Age determines whether an American can be given a discount, which is a common ____in American business life today.

Origin of senior citizen discount

●Since the senior citizens are often treated as people who are in ____, they are given such priority.


____

situation

●The situation has changed a lot where the majority of the elderly are not poor at all.

●Younger Americans were at a/an ____ directly or indirectly due to the discounts given to the elderly, thus leading to conflicts between generations.

●The number of older Americans ____ to work rather than retire is on the increase, which means  ____ opportunities for young workers.

●It is no longer a kind of charity because millions of senior citizens don't need the priority ____.




Conclusion

It's unwise to offer discount priority to the elderly.

●It will mislead people to think they are unable to ____ to themselves.

●People may think that they are ungrateful and they're hurting the ____ of other age groups.

●Actually senior citizen discounts, to some extent, ____against their age.