阅读材料，完成下列要求。

材料一

朝贡制度是中国历代王朝处理民族关系和对外关系的主要模式，也是中国古代的外交关系体制，是中国向海外各国推广中华传统封建礼制的重要载体。这一制度的推行是基于中国当时的强盛国力和先进文明，中国的稳定能够确保整个东亚地区的稳定，因此与中国建立联系，发展关系成为周边国家特别是小国的目标。并且这些国家在与中国王朝建立朝贡关系时，可以获得经济上的巨大好处。

在康熙时，朝贡制度作为亚洲内部外交关系的组织性机制仍然有效，但其经济重要性降低到几乎为零的程度。1684年，康熙帝宣布结束海禁与迁界令，开放所有沿岸港口进行私人海洋贸易，且为了征税建立海关网络。……此后不断成长的海外货易是与像葡萄牙、英国这些未曾寻求朝贡关系的国家进行交易，中国的海上贸易不仅繁荣，且合法而开放。

一一摘编自卜正民《哈佛中国史》等

材料二：1492年美洲地理大发现后，全球主要经济活动区域逐渐被联系在一起，并不断加强，当时虽然同时存在朝贡体系与殖民体系，但工业革命的爆发最终使得历史天平倒向后者，随后，世界进入英国主导的帝国殖民时代。

一一摘编自《环球时报》

    People in the UK spend their free time in different ways. They usually use it to relax. They spend a lot of their free time at home. The most popular activity is watching TV. People in the UK watch TV for about 25 hours a week. They often record (录制) programs so they can watch them later. Reading is also a popular way of spending free time. People in the UK spend a lot of time reading newspapers and magazines. Many people in the UK have pets. They like playing with their pets in their free time.

    In summer， gardening (园艺) is popular. And families often have a “day out” on the weekend. They often go to a festival or see a show. Young people like to go to clubs， and people of all ages like to go to the cinema.

    In winter， “do-it-yourself” is popular. People often spend their free time repairing (修理) houses.

    Some free time activities are with friends. Asking friends for a drink or a meal at home is the most usual one. Sometimes people and their friends have dinner in a restaurant.

    On the weekend， people in the UK like to spend their free time doing sports. The popular kinds of sports are soccer， horse racing， swimming， tennis， skating， climbing and hill walking.

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