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    Did you see snow in your hometown last winter? Did you feel it was warmer than before?
    "There have been 21 warm winters in China since 1986," said scientists. They also said that in the past 100 years, as the global (全球的) temperatures went up by 0.74 °C , the temperature in North China has climbed 1.4 °C in only 50 years.
    China needs to take quick action to cut carbon dioxide emission (排放) because it's the main reason for global warming. The good news is that China has seen the importance of going green. China set the goal of cutting energy use by 20% and pollution emission by 10% in the 11th Five-Year Plan.
    Can you slow down global warming? Sure! You and your family can take steps to cut the amount of carbon dioxide that is sent out into the air.
    Here are some pieces of advice to help you save the earth.
    Wear used clothes. Wearing your brother's, sister's or dad's old T-shirt means you save the energy.                                                                     
    Change your light bulbs (灯泡). Use energy-saving light bulbs. And don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave a room and turn off your television and computer when they are not in use!
    Ride the bus. Taking a bus saves a lot of oil every year.
    Say no to plastic bags. The next time your parents go to the market, ask them to use baskets.
    Open a window. Don't use the air conditioner, and let some fresh air in. When you have to use the conditioner, set the temperature higher in the summer and lower in the winter to save energy.
    Make small changes in your daily life. Don't use paper cups, bags and boxes.
    It's time for all of us to do something to save the earth.

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       艺术实践证明,要塑造出具有较高审美价值的典型人物,就必须深刻揭示人物性格的内在矛盾性。如果不能把握和揭示人物灵魂深处的真实和社会历史的真实,不能把人物性格的内在矛盾性成功地揭示出来,就没有活生生的真实的人,就没有真正深刻的典型。

       巴金曾经指出:“为了应付新的需要,有人注意到了优点和缺点,于是在正面人物身上加入一些缺点,在动摇人物身上加入一些优点,总之使得每个人甚至反面人物都带有‘人情味’。但是作品里面的那些人仍然没有血色,不像真人。为什么呢?我想有一个原因是,除了优点和缺点以外,活人的身上还有别的东西。”人类复杂的内心图景,不是用几笔鲜明的色彩可以描画清楚的,不是“优点”“缺点”这种具有确定范围的概念性语言可以概括的。事实上,人的性格世界有很大的模糊性特征,了解人物形象的模糊性,对作家塑造人物性格,将产生积极的影响。

       性格元素模糊性主要包括两层意思。

       一是构成性格整体的各种性格元素之间往往是不同向的,甚至是彼此矛盾对立的:一部分性格元素表现为肯定性方向,表现为善,表现为美,表现为真,表现为圣洁;另一部分性格元素表现为否定性方向,表现为恶,表现为丑,表现为伪,表现为鄙俗。这种双向性,使一个人的性格表象变得纷纭复杂,使一个人有时像他自己,有时又不像他自己;有时忠于他自己,有时又背叛他自己。这就是说,构成性格整体的各种元素往往不能按照同一确定的方向运动,而正是这种非同向发展的各种性格因索,才形成人物性格的模糊性。例如构成阿Q性格的元素是非常复杂的 ,而这些杂多的性格元素,又表现为双向性:质朴愚昧又狡黠圆滑,率真任性又正统卫道,自尊自大又自轻自践,争强好胜又忍辱屈从……这些元素在自身运动的过程中。互相碰撞,互相交叉,形成复杂的性格表象。

       性格元素模糊性的另一层意思,则是每一个性格元素内部都带有二重性,肯定中包含着否定,否定中也包含着肯定。因此,性格元素自身的性质不可能完全确定。它在不同的情境中总是显示出不同的内容和形式,不断变化。例如,当一个人在追求真理时,“倔强”的性格元素就表现为肯定性质的“韧性”,而当真理不复存在时还要硬去碰撞,“倔强”元素就转化为否定性质的“团执”。一个人的勇敢,在某种情况下可表现为见义勇为的善,在某种情况下则又可能表现为不义亦为的恶。李逵的勇猛有时表现为昨常可爱的战斗精神,有时则表现为“排头砍去”的鲁莽。

       此外,性格元素的本质往往不是直接袒露的,它会被假象包裹着,从而显现出表里矛盾、似是而非的情状,使人们感到难以捉摸。狄德罗曾说:“说人是一种力量与软弱、光明与盲目、渺小于伟大的复合物,这并不是责难人,而是为人下定义。” 因此,要写出鲜活的人物形象.确实值得写作者多下一番功夫!

(节选自刘再复《性格组合论》.有删减)